What is Purtscher like retinopathy?
Purtscher retinopathy is a hemorrhagic and vasoocclusive vasculopathy, which, in 1912, was first described as a syndrome of sudden blindness associated with severe head trauma. These patients had findings of multiple white retinal patches and retinal hemorrhages that were associated with severe vision loss.
What is Purtscher flecken?
Purtscher flecken are polygonal areas of whitening in the inner retina between the retinal arterioles and venules with a characteristic clear zone between the affected retina and an adjacent arteriole, extending for an average of 50 μ on either side of retinal arteries and precapillary arterioles.
What do cotton-wool spots indicate?
Cotton-wool spots (CWSs) are common retinal manifestations of many diseases including diabetes mellitus, systemic hypertension, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Clinically they appear as whitish, fluffy patches on the retina and eventually fade with time.
What causes bull’s eye maculopathy?
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine can cause toxic retinopathy due to their binding of melanin in the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) as well as direct toxicity to retinal ganglion cells. Early findings include mottling of the RPE and blunted foveal reflex.
What is cystoid macular Oedema?
Cystoid macular edema or CME, is a painless disorder which affects the central retina or macula. When this condition is present, multiple cyst-like (cystoid) areas of fluid appear in the macula and cause retinal swelling or edema.
How is cotton wool disease treated?
Treatment for cotton wool disease in freshwater fish includes salt baths using Freshwater Aquarium Salt or commercially available antifungal treatments for aquarium use. In some instances, the entire tank is treated, but if individual infections are present, treating the fish in a separate hospital tank is preferable.
How long does it take for cotton wool spots to go away?
Cotton wool spots classically disappear in 6–12 weeks, however in diabetic retinopathy they may persist for longer.
Is Bulls eye maculopathy reversible?
The bull’s-eye maculopathy is reversible and does not appear to affect vision.