What is the mechanism for anthracyclines cardiotoxicity?
The main mechanism of anthracycline cardiotoxicity is now thought to be through inhibition of topoisomerase 2β resulting in activation of cell death pathways and inhibition of mitochondrial biogenesis.
What is a risk factor for anthracycline related cardiotoxicity?
Hypertension, diabetes, and obesity were identified as risk factors for anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.
What is drug induced cardiotoxicity?
Summary. Cardiotoxicity, defined as toxicity that affects the heart, is one of the most common adverse drug effects. Numerous drugs have been shown to have the potential to induce lethal arrhythmias by affecting cardiac electrophysiology, which is the focus of current preclinical testing.
What is the mode of action for the anthracycline anticancer agents?
Mechanism of Action The most widely accepted explanation for the action of anthracyclines is their interaction with topoisomerase-II. The ternary complex thus formed prevents the re-ligation of the ds-DNA breaks. Subsequently, it promotes growth arrest and apoptotic cell death.
What is anthracycline cardiomyopathy?
Anthracycline-induced (doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin) cardiomyopathy is a disease spectrum ranging from development of heart failure (HF) with symptoms and clinical signs to asymptomatic decline in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Clinical HF may ensue in up to 5% of high-risk patients.
What are anthracycline drugs?
A type of antibiotic that comes from certain types of Streptomyces bacteria. Anthracyclines are used to treat many types of cancer. Anthracyclines damage the DNA in cancer cells, causing them to die. Daunorubicin, doxorubicin, and epirubicin are anthracyclines.
What is the most common mechanism in drug-induced cardiac toxicity?
The common mechanism leading to cardiotoxicity is oxidative stress, generation of free radicals and hypoxia 5. Long-term exposure to cardiotoxic drugs further causes apoptosis and deregulation of myo-contractility.
What is drug-induced cardiomyopathy?
Treatment with trastuzumab for one year after standard chemotherapy has been shown to improve outcomes in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer [20]. Trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity usually manifests as asymptomatic decrease in LVEF, which may lead to complications such as systemic HF [14].
Which term best describes the mechanism of action for fluoroquinolones Mcq?
What term best describes the mechanism of action for fluoroquinolones? The fluoroquinolones stabilizes a DNA/topoisomerase complex and prevent the mechanism by which tension is eased in the DNA strand during transcription and replication. This results in the inhibition of these processes.
Which of the following is the general mechanism of action for erythromycin?
Erythromycin acts by inhibition of protein synthesis by binding to the 23S ribosomal RNA molecule in the 50S subunit of ribosomes in susceptible bacterial organisms.
What is the mechanism of cardiotoxicity of anthracycline?
Mechanisms The specific mechanisms of anthracycline cardiotoxicity still remain unclear. A potential mechanism is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), changes in iron metabolism, and Ca2þ signaling. In 2014, topoisomerase (Top) 2β was indicated as the critical mediator of anthracycline’s cardiac toxic effect (9).
What is the mechanism of doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity?
The exact mechanism (s) responsible for doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is poorly understood, and further research needs to be done to elucidate the mechanisms. This chapter summarizes the identified mechanisms that may play a role in anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.
When was anthracycline introduced into the clinical field?
Anthracyclines are cytostatic antibiotics (1), introduced into the clinical field in the 1960s. As of 2012, anthracyclines were among the most diffused chemotherapeutic agents, and they still represent the base of treatment in many solid cancers and hematological malignancies (1, 2).
What is the risk of heart failure from anthracycline?
Incidence And Risk Factors The risk of anthracycline-induced heart failure increases as the cumulative dose administered increases: 3–5% with 400 mg/m2and as high as 18–48% at 700 mg/m2(4).