What is the function of EPO receptor?
Primary role of EpoR is to promote proliferation of erythroid progenitor cells and rescue erythroid progenitors from cell death. EpoR induced Jak2-Stat5 signaling, together with transcriptional factor GATA-1, induces the transcription of pro-survival protein Bcl-xL.
What is the target of EPO?
Multifaceted effects and targets of EPO. (A) EPO targets many cell types and tissues, including erythroid cells and their progenitors, tumor cells, and a variety of other nonerythroid cells and tissues.
What type of receptor is EPO?
The Epo-R is a classical Type-I cytokine receptor with an extracellular domain that interacts with the microenvironment, a transmembrane region that spans the phospholipid bilayer, and a cytoplasmic tail that contains eight tyrosine phosphorylation sites that serve as docking locations for signaling adapters.
Where are EPO receptors?
In the erythropoietic process, EPO induces homodimerization of the EPO receptor, which is located on the surface of erythroid progenitor cells. Dimerization activates the receptor-associated Janus kinase 2 via transphosphorylation.
How does EPO affect the skeletal system?
In humans, EPO treatment increases skeletal muscle hypertrophy and angiogenesis in diseased conditions (chronic renal failure and Friedreich ataxia, respectively), but has no effect in healthy muscle. In both rodent and human studies, EPO has been shown to increase or have no effect on muscle oxidative capacity.
How does EPO improve performance?
EPO stimulates the production of red blood cells in bone marrow and regulates the concentration of red blood cells and haemoglobin in the blood. This is useful for athletes, since red blood cells shuttle oxygen to the cells, including muscle cells, enabling them to operate more effectively.
What cells does EPO affect?
Erythropoietin (Epo) is a glycoprotein hormone produced in the kidney that acts on erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. A negative feedback system, in which tissue oxygenation controls Epo production and Epo controls red blood cell (RBC) production, provides homeostasis in oxygen delivery to body tissues.
Which receptor does EPO bind to and activate?
EpoR
Epo stimulates red blood cell production by binding and activating a high affinity receptor (EpoR) that is expressed predominantly on the surface of immature erythroid cells (Broudy et al., 1991).
What does EPO bind to?
EPO receptors
Secreted EPO (165 amino acids) binds to EPO receptors on the surface of bone marrow erythroid precursors, resulting in their rapid replication and maturation to functional red blood cells. This stimulation results in a rapid rise in erythrocyte counts and a consequent rise in blood oxygen.
Where does EPO exert its effects?
Produced naturally by the kidneys, EPO is also available as a pharmaceutical. EPO stimulates the production of red blood cells in bone marrow and regulates the concentration of red blood cells and haemoglobin in the blood.
How does EPO affect bone marrow?
Erythropoietin stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells. The resulting rise in red cells increases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. As the prime regulator of red cell production, erythropoietin’s major functions are to: Promote the development of red blood cells.