What is TMRM staining?
TMRM staining is used to monitor mitochondrial function. When mitochondrial membrane potential collapses in apoptotic or metabolically stressed cells, the TMRM reagent is dispersed throughout the cell cytosol and fluorescence levels drop dramatically.
What is TMRM mitochondria?
Image-iT™ TMRM Reagent (mitochondrial membrane potential indicator) Tetramethylrhodamine, methyl ester (TMRM) is a cell-permeant dye that accumulates in active mitochondria with intact membrane potentials. If the cells are healthy and have functioning mitochondria, the signal will be bright.
How does tetramethylrhodamine work?
Tetramethylrhodamine (TRITC) is a bright orange-fluorescent dye with excitation ideally suited to the 532 nm laser line. It is commonly conjugated to antibodies and proteins for cellular imaging applications. We offer rhodamine reactive dyes as well as other protein and antibody conjugates or probes.
What is the mitochondrial membrane potential?
The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) generated by proton pumps (Complexes I, III and IV) is an essential component in the process of energy storage during oxidative phosphorylation. Together with the proton gradient (ΔpH), ΔΨm forms the transmembrane potential of hydrogen ions which is harnessed to make ATP.
Why is rhodamine fluorescent?
They are the chromophores and fluorophores of rhodamine dyes responsible for the strong light absorption and fluorescence emission in the visible region. One advantage of these dyes over rhodamines is the absence of lactone form due to the absence of the carboxyphenyl moiety.
What is the use of rhodamine?
Rhodamine B /ˈroʊdəmiːn/ is a chemical compound and a dye. It is often used as a tracer dye within water to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. Rhodamine dyes fluoresce and can thus be detected easily and inexpensively with fluorometers.
What is the function of the mitochondrial membrane?
Consequently, the inner mitochondrial membrane is the functional barrier to the passage of small molecules between the cytosol and the matrix and maintains the proton gradient that drives oxidative phosphorylation.
How do you test mitochondrial membrane potential?
Mitochondrial function, a key indicator of cell health, can be assessed by monitoring changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Cationic fluorescent dyes are commonly used tools to assess MMP. We used a water-soluble mitochondrial membrane potential indicator (m-MPI) to detect changes in MMP in HepG2 cells.
Is rhodamine a fluorescence?
Rhodamine dyes fluoresce and can thus be detected easily and inexpensively with instruments called fluorometers. Rhodamine dyes are used extensively in biotechnology applications such as fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and ELISA.
How toxic is rhodamine?
For Rhodamine B, the effective and lethal concentration (EC50 and LC50) -causing 50% toxicity were in the range of 14-24 mg/L. For Rhodamine WT, no statistically significant effects were observed (p<0.05) at the tsted concentrations (up to 91, 100 and 200 mg/L for algae, crustaceans and fish embryos, respectively).
What is rhodamine fluorescence?
Rhodamine B is bright-red in color. Rhodamine B is a xanthene dye, which functions as a water tracer fluorescent. It is used as a staining fluorescent dye.
Why is the mitochondria so important to a eukaryotic cell?
Mitochondria — often called the powerhouses of the cell — enable eukaryotes to make more efficient use of food sources than their prokaryotic counterparts. That’s because these organelles greatly expand the amount of membrane used for energy-generating electron transport chains.
What kind of fluorescent dye is tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester ( tmrm )?
Tetramethylrhodamine, methyl ester (TMRM) is a cell-permeant, cationic, red-orange fluorescent dye that is readily sequestered by active mitochondria. For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. No results found for your search criteria. No manuals matching your request were found.
Where does tmrm occur in the intact heart?
Wavelength scanning of the surface fluorescence of the heart under various conditions after accumulation of TMRM indicated that the mitochondrial matrix-induced wavelength shift of TMRM also occurs in the heart cytosol, eliminating the use of this approach in the intact heart. Publication types
What happens when tmrm is lost in the mitochondria?
Tetramethylrhodamine, methyl ester (TMRM) is a cell-permeant dye that accumulates in active mitochondria with intact membrane potentials. If the cells are healthy and have functioning mitochondria, the signal is bright. Upon loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, TMRM accumulation ceases and the signal dims or disappears.