What is extranodal NHL?
Extranodal lymphoma, by definition, involves sites other than lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and the pharyngeal lymphatic ring. Involvement of the spleen in HD is considered as nodal disease but in the case of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) the spleen is regarded as an extranodal site.
What does extranodal involvement mean?
The term extranodal disease refers to lymphomatous infiltration of anatomic sites other than the lymph nodes. Almost any organ can be affected by lymphoma, with the most common extranodal sites of involvement being the stomach, spleen, Waldeyer ring, central nervous system, lung, bone, and skin.
What is lymphomatous involvement?
Splenic lymphoma, also termed as lymphomatous involvement of the spleen, represents the most common malignancy to involve the spleen. They are commonly secondary, rarely being primary (referred as primary splenic lymphoma).
Is Hodgkin lymphoma extranodal?
Hodgkin disease is usually almost entirely confined to the lymph nodes. Extranodal involvement is much less common in Hodgkin disease than in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Extranodal invasion of adjacent tissue is seen in up to 15% of cases and hematogenous spread in 5%–10%.
Is spleen nodal or extranodal?
The spleen is considered extranodal region in NHL and nodal organ in HD (1). Splenic involvement is more common in HD. Organ size is not a criterion for diagnosis as spleen can be normal in size with tumor infiltration or may be enlarged without lymphomatous involvement (2).
Is bone marrow an extranodal site?
Extranodal disease with a predilection for certain sites is common; the liver, kidney, lung, bone, and bone marrow are commonly involved [3]. These sites also tend to be involved where nodal disease is ex- tensive.
What does no extranodal extension mean?
Extranodal extension refers to the growth of a nodal cancer metastasis beyond the confines of the capsule of a lymph node into adjacent tissues. Less preferred synonyms include extranodal spread, extracapsular extension, or extracapsular spread. This finding holds prognostic implications.
What does extra nodal mean?
Listen to pronunciation. (EK-struh-NOH-dul) Refers to an area or organ outside of the lymph nodes.
Is Bone Marrow an extranodal site?
Are tonsils extranodal?
The most frequently involved system is GI tract (Stomach being the commonest site) followed by Waldeyer’s ring (when tonsil is considered as an extranodal site), lung, liver, spleen, bone and and skin (1).
Is extranodal lymphoma treatable?
A combined treatment with chemotherapy and RT is considered a valid therapeutic approach in patients with localized NHL, either nodal or extranodal, in most anatomic sites, including Waldeyer’s ring (100-102). However, the combinatory treatment is often associated with relevant acute and chronic toxicity (99,103).
Is extranodal extension bad?
Extranodal extension of lymph node metastasis is a marker of poor prognosis in oesophageal cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis.
Can a nodal lymphoma spread to an extranodal site?
Almost all nodal lymphomas can spread to extranodal sites, but in these cases, they are not considered primary extranodal lymphomas. In NHL, the most effective treatment plans depend on a number of factors, and extranodal involvement may be one of them.
Is the spleen an extranodal organ in NHL?
Lymphoma of Abdomen. The spleen is considered extranodal region in NHL and nodal organ in HD ( 1 ). Splenic involvement is more common in HD. Organ size is not a criterion for diagnosis as spleen can be normal in size with tumor infiltration or may be enlarged without lymphomatous involvement ( 2 ).
Which is more common NHL or extranodal lymphoma?
Extranodal disease is more common with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) than with Hodgkin’s lymphoma and is often intermediate- to high-grade [2, 3]. AIDS-related lymphoma and posttransplant- ation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) are more likely to affect extranodal sites and are of higher grade [2, 4, 5].