What is epicardial coronary stenosis?
In the presence of an epicardial stenosis, myocardial blood flow consists of both coronary and collateral blood flow. Thus, using any parameter for coronary flow most likely underestimates myocardial flow and thus overestimates myocardial resistance.
What is intramural vessels?
Intramural vessels have been described in atheromatous diseased coronary arteries of the heart1. The purpose of these newly built retinal vessels in some cases may be to bypass an obstacle in the bloodstream.
What are the 4 coronary arteries?
The right coronary artery, the left main coronary, the left anterior descending, and the left circumflex artery, are the four major coronary arteries. Blockage of these arteries is a common cause of angina, heart disease, heart attacks and heart failure.
What is intramural coronary artery disease?
Intramural coronary artery (ICA) is a congenital anatomic. variant of main coronary arterial course, which exists almost exclusively in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). 1 Coronary arteries normally traverse in the subepicardial fat surrounded by fat all along the course.
Which is the largest artery?
Aorta
Aorta Anatomy The aorta is the large artery that carries oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle of the heart to other parts of the body.
Which artery is called the widow maker?
The widow-maker is a massive heart attack that occurs when the left anterior descending artery (LAD) is totally or almost completely blocked. The critical blockage in the artery stops, usually a blood clot, stops all the blood flow to the left side of the heart, causing the heart to stop beating normally.
What are epicardial leads?
Epicardial pacing wires or temporary pacing wires (TPW) allow rapid commencement of atrial and/or ventricular pacing in the event of a perioperative cardiac arrhythmia that has the potential to cause significant hemodynamic compromise.
Where is the epicardial pacemaker?
Temporary epicardial pacing leads are typically placed in the operating room after the cardiac procedure is completed and before chest closure. Epicardial pacing wires were historically placed only on the right ventricle.