What does Azolla provide to Anabaena?
Anabaena Azollae maintains a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship with the water fern Azolla, which provides the cyanobacteria with a safe environment in exchange for nitrogen. Azolla is grown in tropical and temperate climates in calm bodies of water.
What is Azolla PDF?
Azolla is one of the aquatic Pteridophyte that may be. used as animal food, as green manure, biofertilizer, for increasing soil fertility, bioremediation of waste water and reclamation. of saline soils. Due to its high nutritional values and protein content Azolla is suitable for human consumption and as feed.
What are the benefits of Azolla?
Azolla possesses the desired qualities of a green manure crop, like quick growth, large biomass production, higher nitrogen content and easy decomposability in the soil. It has been further demonstrated that Azolla is a good source of potassium when applied to soils.
How Azolla Anabaena association is important for rice cultivation?
As well as its nitrogen biofertilization, azolla provides a variety of benefits for rice production and grows in a way that is complementary to rice cultivation: [1] The thick azolla mat in rice fields suppresses weeds. [2] Since azolla floats at the water surface, it does compete with rice for light and space.
What is the importance of Azolla Anabaena association?
Azolla and the blue-green alga Anabaena azollae maintain a symbiotic relationship: the alga provides nitrogen to the fern, and the fern provides a habitat for the alga. This property of nitrogen fixation has made Azolla extremely important economically in the cultivation of rice, particularly in Asia.
How can you distinguish Anabaena from Azolla?
Close examination of an Azolla leaf reveals that it consists of a thick, greenish (or reddish) dorsal (upper) lobe and a thinner, translucent ventral (lower) lobe emersed in the water. It is the upper lobe that has an ovoid central cavity, the “living quarters” for filaments of Anabaena.
What is Azolla production?
Azolla is an aquatic floating fern, found in temperate climate suitable for paddy cultivation. As green manure, Azolla is grown alone for two to three weeks in flooded fields. Afterwards, water is drained out and Azolla fern is incorporated in the field before transplanting of paddy.
How is Azolla produced?
Growing (Production) of Azolla: Mix clean fertile soil with cow dung and water and spread across (uniformly) the pond. To cover the 6 feet X 4 feet pond, 1 kg of fresh Azolla culture is required. Apply this culture uniformly in the pond. Make sure to have the water depth at least 5 to 6 inches in the pond.
How do you fertilize Azolla?
Fertilize Azolla with 2.2 kg Phosphorus (P)/ha every 5 d, 4 kg K/ha every 10 d, and/or 500−1000 kg/ha farmyard manure every 5−10 d….How do you manage Azolla in rice?
- Azolla multiplies vegetatively (i.e., it does not produce seeds).
- Azolla grows best at a 25oC average daily temperature but dies at higher temperature.
What is the economic importance of Azolla?
Economic importance includes Salvinia species used as cultivated ornamentals (some species are weeds of water bodies) and use of Azolla to control mosquitoes (by covering the water surface), as animal fodder, and as a “seeded” addition to rice paddies, enhancing rice growth by release of nitrogens from symbiotic …
What role is played by Azolla in agriculture field?
Azolla is a small water fern that grows on the surface of water bodies or on moist soil. Due to the presence of the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena azollae , it fixes molecular nitrogen. Both the fresh and dry Azolla increased the marketable fruit yield over the control without fertilizer.
How Azolla is used as a Biofertilizer?
Azolla consists of cyanobacteria which are used as a biofertilizer. The cyanobacteria produce a range of toxins which are dangerous for the human and animals are known as cyanotoxins. It contributes nitrogen up to 60 kg and enriches the soil with organic matter.
Why was the introduction of Azolla so important?
He found the duck contributed a lot to rice cultivation. Now, rice-duck culture is widely practiced in organic rice farming. Primarily for providing nitrogen nutrient, azolla was introduced to this system. Azolla provided nitrogen nutrient for rice and protein for duck, and contributed to the suppression of weed.
Where can you find Anabaena in the wild?
Occurrence of Anabaena • Anabaena is found as plankton. • They form symbiotic relationships with certain plants, such as the mosquito fern. • Some species of Anabaena are endophytes. They live in the roots of Cycas and Azolla.
What kind of photosynthesis does Anabaena do?
7. Characteristics of Anabaena • Anabaena is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria that exist as plankton. • They perform oxygenic photosynthesis. • They are heterocyst forming and photoautotrophic. • During times of low environmental nitrogen,about one cell out of every ten will differentiate into heterocyst.
Where can I find Azolla fern in India?
2. INTRODUCTION:- Azolla is a branched free floating aquatic fern & naturally available mostly on moist soils, ditches marshy ponds and is widely distributed in tropical belts of India . It grows in fresh water 3.