How does perchlorate affect the environment?
Perchlorates are also emerging as potent thyroid disruptors, and they have an impact on the ecology too. Many studies have shown that perchlorate contaminates the groundwater and the surface water, especially in the vicinity of fireworks manufacturing sites and fireworks display sites.
Is perchlorate an emerging contaminant?
Perchlorate as an emerging contaminant in soil, water and food.
When was perchlorate used?
Perchlorate is a potent competitive inhibitor of the thyroid sodium-iodide symporter. Thus, it has been used to treat hyperthyroidism since the 1950s.
When was perchlorate discovered?
Perchlorate was first discovered as an impurity in nitrates mined from the Atacama Desert in Chile (Dafert, 1908).
How does ammonium perchlorate affect the environment?
Perchlorate is a known environmental contaminant, largely due to widespread military use as a propellant. Our study indicates that environmental levels of ammonium perchlorate affect thyroid function in fish and that in the early life stages these effects may be associated with developmental retardation.
Is perchlorate hazardous?
DOT has designated perchlorate as a hazardous material and limits the quantity that is transported aboard aircraft and vessels. Specifically, DOD policy states that in the absence of federal or state standards, if perchlorate levels exceed 24 ppb in water, a site-specific risk assessment must be conducted.
What harm does perchlorate cause?
What are the health risks associated with perchlorate exposure? Human exposure to high dosages of perchlorate can interfere with iodide uptake into the thyroid gland, disrupting the functions of the thyroid and potentially leading to a reduction in the production of thyroid hormone.
Is perchlorate regulated?
The presence of perchlorate in drinking water is also regulated in Arizona, California, New Jersey, New York and Texas. California set a public health goal of 1 ppb in 2015, although its legal limit remains 6 ppb.
Why is it called perchlorate?
Perchlorate is an anion having the chemical formula ClO4–. It originates from perchloric acid. In general, this term may refer to any compound containing perchlorate anion. The oxidation state of chorine atom in this compound is +7.
How much perchlorate is toxic?
❖ The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) has established a minimal risk level (MRL) of 0.0007 mg/kg/day for chronic- duration oral exposure (365 days or more) to perchlorate (ATSDR 2008, 2013). ❖ EPA has decided to regulate perchlorate under the Safe Drinking Water Act.
What is perchlorate contamination?
Perchlorate (ClO4–) is both naturally occurring and a man-made contaminant that is increasingly found in groundwater, surface water and soil. Most perchlorate manufactured in the U.S. is used as an oxidizer in solid fuel for rockets and missiles. Perchlorate contamination has been reported in at least 20 states.
Is perchlorate regulated by EPA?
On February 11, 2011, EPA determined that perchlorate meets the Safe Drinking Water Act criteria for regulation as a contaminant.