How are arenaviruses spread?
Most infections spread among adult rodents through scratches and bites, although for certain arenaviruses, the virus passes from mother to offspring during pregnancy. Arenaviruses are shed into the environment in the urine, saliva, or droppings of infected rodent hosts.
What is Pichinde virus?
Pichinde virus (PICV) is a bisegmented enveloped RNA virus that targets macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) early in infection and induces strong innate and adaptive immunity in mice.
What are Old World viruses?
Abstract. The Old World (OW) arenavirus complex includes several species of rodent-borne viruses, some of which (i.e., Lassa virus, LASV and Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, LCMV) cause human diseases. Most LCMV and LASV infections are caused by rodent-to-human transmissions.
How does Junin virus spread?
MODES OF TRANSMISSION: Human exposure to Junin virus is believed to occur mainly through inhalation of aerosolised body fluids (blood, saliva) or excretions (urine, faeces) of infected rodents, typically during agricultural work(1,3,4,11,13).
How do you stop Arenaviridae?
What can be done to prevent the spread of Arenaviridae? General rules of thumb: • Avoid contact with blood and body fluids of infected individuals • Prevent rodents from nesting in or near your home. Avoid rodent contact when traveling to affected countries • Keep pet food covered and stored in rodent-proof containers.
Can humans get Arenavirus?
Arenaviruses persist in nature by infecting rodents first and then transmitted into humans. Humans can be infected through mucosal exposure to aerosols, or by direct contact of abraded skin with the infectious material, derived from infected rodents.
What is a New World virus?
New World arenaviruses (Junin virus, Machupo virus, Guanarito virus, and Sabia virus) are segmented negative-sense RNA viruses that belong to the family Arenaviridae, occurring in South America. All viruses are of zoonotic origin and transmitted mainly by contact with infected rodents.
Where is Junin virus found?
Junín virus, the etiological agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever, causes significant morbidity and mortality. The virus is spread through the aerosolization of host rodent excreta and endemic to the humid pampas of Argentina.
What does Junin mean?
Medical Definition of Junin virus : a single-stranded RNA virus of the genus Arenavirus (species Junin virus) that is the causative agent of a hemorrhagic fever endemic in agricultural regions of Argentina and that is transmitted to humans chiefly by rodents (especially genus Calomys)
What disease does Arenaviridae cause?
Hemorrhagic fever syndromes, including Lassa fever, are derived from infections such as Guanarito virus, Junin virus, Lassa virus, Lujo virus, Machupo virus, Sabia virus, or Whitewater Arroyo virus….Arenavirus.
| Arenaviridae | |
|---|---|
| Family: | Arenaviridae |
| Genera | |
| Antennavirus Hartmanivirus Mammarenavirus Reptarenavirus |
What is the treatment for Arenaviridae?
What is the treatment? There is no specific treatment for most of these illnesses. Some of the illnesses, such as Lassa fever, respond to anti-viral therapies if they are treated during the first week of illness. Supportive therapy, including managing secondary bacterial infections, may also help reduce mortality.
What kind of diseases do arenaviruses cause?
Arenaviruses that cause human diseases Virus Disease Year discovered Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV Lymphocytic choriomeningitis 1933 Junin virus Argentine hemorrhagic fever 1958 Machupo virus Bolivian hemorrhagic fever 1963 Lassa virus Lassa fever 1969
What’s the difference between arenavirus and Reptarenavirus?
Within the family Arenaviridae, arenaviruses were formerly all placed in the genus Arenavirus, but in 2014 were divided into the genera Mammarenavirus for those with mammalian hosts and Reptarenavirus for those infecting snakes. Reptarenaviruses and mammarenavirus are separated by an impenetrable species barrier.
How are viruses in the Arenaviridae family spread?
Viruses in the family Arenaviridae are generally spread by rodents, with each virus associated with one, or a few, closely related rodent species that serve as the virus’ natural reservoir. The types of rodents that spread arenaviruses are located across much of the world, including Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas.
Can a rodent be infected with an arenavirus?
Although not the cause of the outbreak, LCMV was found to be a cause of nonbacterial meningitis. Since then, new arenaviruses have been discovered regularly. While rodent hosts are chronically infected with an arenavirus, they do not appear to become ill.