What type of drug is chloroquine?
Chloroquine phosphate is in a class of drugs called antimalarials and amebicides. It works by killing the organisms that cause malaria and amebiasis.
How does chloroquine act on malaria?
The major action of chloroquine is to inhibit the formation of hemozoin (Hz) from the heme released by the digestion of hemoglobin (Hb). The free heme then lyses membranes and leads to parasite death. Chloroquine resistance is due to a decreased accumulation of chloroquine in the food vacuole.
How is chloroquine metabolised?
Chloroquine is 60% bound to plasma proteins and equally cleared by the kidney and liver. Following administration chloroquine is rapidly dealkylated via cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP) into the pharmacologically active desethylchloroquine and bisdesethylchloroquine.
What is heme polymerization?
The polymerization of the heme is the process of changing free heme to hemozoin. One of the drugs that have a mechanism of action inhibiting the polymerization of heme is chloroquine [3. A. F. G. Slater, “Chloroquine: mechanism of drug action and resistance in Plasmodium falciparum,” Pharmacology & Therapeutics, vol.
Is chloroquine an immunosuppressant?
Chloroquine and its synthetic analogue, hydroxychloroquine also belong to the disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug class because these drugs are immunosuppressive.
Is hydroxychloroquine an anti inflammatory?
Conclusion: HCQ may exert simultaneous anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects in patients with HIV infection and inflammatory arthritis. If larger studies confirm this observation, it may be the drug of choice in this population of patients.
What plant does chloroquine come from?
The drug has a long track record in medicine, having been used since the 1940s as an antimalarial. The modern drug is a synthetic form of quinine, which is found in the bark of the Cinchona plant. The plant was taken as an herbal remedy by indigenous Peruvians four centuries ago to treat fever.
Is chloroquine a steroid?
Steroid-sparing treatments have been sought and one of these is chloroquine. Chloroquine is an anti-inflammatory agent, also used in the treatment of malarial infection and as a second-line therapy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Is chloroquine a derivative of quinine?
Chloroquine is a 4-aminoquinoline derivative of quinine first synthesized in 1934. Historically, it has been the drug of choice for the treatment of nonsevere or uncomplicated malaria and for chemoprophylaxis. Chloroquine acts primarily against erythrocytic asexual stages, although it has gametocidal properties.
What is the Iupac name of chloroquine?
Chloroquine is a member of the drug class 4-aminoquinoline. As an antimalarial, it works against the asexual form of the malaria parasite in the stage of its life cycle within the red blood cell….Chloroquine.
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| CAS Number | 54-05-7 |
| PubChem CID | 2719 |
How is Hemozoin formed?
Hemozoin is a crystalline, brown pigment that is formed and sequestered in the digestive vacuole of Plasmodium as a product of hemoglobin (Hb) catabolism (57). The parasite digests up to 80% of the Hb in the host RBC, which it utilizes as an essential source of nutrients and energy (2).