What is the function of V-ATPase?

V-ATPases are proton pumps that function to acidify intracellular compartments in all eukaryotic cells, and to transport protons across the plasma membrane of certain specialized cells.

How does V type ATPase work?

V-ATPases acidify a wide array of intracellular organelles and pump protons across the plasma membranes of numerous cell types. V-ATPases couple the energy of ATP hydrolysis to proton transport across intracellular and plasma membranes of eukaryotic cells.

What does the V type ATPase in the plant vacuole do?

The plant V-ATPase is a primary-active proton pump present at various components of the endomembrane system. At the plant vacuole the V-ATPase is responsible for energization of transport of ions and metabolites, and thus the V-ATPase is important as a ‘house-keeping’ and as a stress response enzyme.

Which of the following ATPase pumps is responsible for controlling PH in vesicles vacuoles and lysosomes?

V-ATPase is best known for its role in the acidification of intracellular vesicles like endosomes and lysosomes.

What are the different classes of ion pumps?

Based on the transport mechanism as well as genetic and structural homology, there are considered four classes of ATP-dependent ion pumps:

• P-class pumps.
• F-class pumps.
• V-class pumps.
• ABC superfamily.

Where does oligomycin bind in the ATPase complex?

Oligomycin- Introduction and Mechanism of Action. Oligomycin is a group of Streptomyces macrolides that bind to the Oligomycin sensitivity-conferring protein (OSCP) at the F(o) subunits 6 and 9 which are found in the stalk of the F1F0-ATPase complex.

Why does oligomycin protect against ATP depletion?

Because oligomycin protects only against ATP depletion and not depletion of the proton gradient, it is concluded that cytotoxicity of inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation reflects depletion of ATP and not depletion of the mitochondrial membrane potential.

How does inhibition of mTOR affect the lysosome?

Inhibition of mTOR strongly reduced the lysosomal efflux of most essential amino acids, converting the lysosome into a cellular depot for them. These results reveal the dynamic nature of lysosomal metabolites and that V-ATPase- and mTOR-dependent mechanisms exist for controlling lysosomal amino acid efflux.

What is the mechanism of action of oligomycin?

To summarize, the Oligomycin group may serve as an antibiotic, yet the mechanism of action may affect healthy cells as well, and it is not used therapeutically. Oligomycin A is used to modulate ATP synthesis in studies of cell or organ function.

What is the function of v ATPase?

V-ATPases are proton pumps that function to acidify intracellular compartments in all eukaryotic cells, and to transport protons across the plasma membrane of certain specialized cells.

How does v type ATPase work?

V-ATPases acidify a wide array of intracellular organelles and pump protons across the plasma membranes of numerous cell types. V-ATPases couple the energy of ATP hydrolysis to proton transport across intracellular and plasma membranes of eukaryotic cells.

What is the v type pump?

Vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase), initially identified in yeast and plant vacuoles, pumps protons into the lumen of organelles coupled with ATP hydrolysis. The mammalian counterpart is found ubiquitously in endomembrane organelles and the plasma membrane of specialized cells such as osteoclasts.

Which of the following ATPase pumps is responsible for controlling pH in vesicles vacuoles and lysosomes?

Lysosome pH gradients are mainly maintained by the vacuolar (H+) ATPase (or V-ATPase), which pumps protons into lysosomal lumen by consuming ATP.

Which subunit is referred to as the H+ transporters?

ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit a1.

Where is proton pump located in lysosome?

To maintain their acidic internal pH, lysosomes must actively concentrate H+ ions (protons). This is accomplished by a proton pump in the lysosomal membrane, which actively transports protons into the lysosome from the cytosol.

What are V type transporters?

The V-type H+ ATPase is an ATP-driven enzyme that transforms the energy of ATP hydrolysis to electrochemical potential differences of protons across diverse biological membranes via the primary active transport of H+.

What is ap type ATPase?

P-type ATPases are α-helical bundle primary transporters named based upon their ability to catalyze auto- (or self-) phosphorylation (hence P) of a key conserved aspartate residue within the pump and their energy source, adenosine triphosphate (ATP). …

What kind of protein is ATPase?

integral membrane proteins
1.1 Overall Architecture. The P-type ATPases are a large family of integral membrane proteins that use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to transport cations and lipids across membranes (Bublitz, Morth, & Nissen, 2011; Palmgren & Nissen, 2011).

How many subunits are in the V ATPase complex?

There are at least thirteen subunits identified to form a functional V-ATPase complex, which consists of two domains. The subunits belong to either the V o domain (membrane associated subunits, lowercase letters on the figure) or the V 1 domain (peripherally associated subunits, uppercase letters on the figure).

What kind of mutations are found in V-ATPase?

Approximately 50% of patients with recessive infantile malignant osteopetrosis have mutations to the a3 subunit isoform of V-ATPase. In humans, 26 mutations have been identified in V-ATPase subunit isoform a3, found in osteoclasts, that result in the bone disease autosomal recessive osteopetrosis.

Where do V-ATPases transport protons in the cell?

V-ATPases acidify a wide array of intracellular organelles and pump protons across the plasma membranes of numerous cell types. V-ATPases couple the energy of ATP hydrolysis to proton transport across intracellular and plasma membranes of eukaryotic cells.

What is the function of vacuolar H + V ATPase?

Vacuolar-type H+. -ATPase (V-ATPase) is a highly conserved evolutionarily ancient enzyme with remarkably diverse functions in eukaryotic organisms. V-ATPases acidify a wide array of intracellular organelles and pump protons across the plasma membranes of numerous cell types.