What is the best treatment for Neisseria meningitidis?
Treatment following diagnosis Currently, a third-generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone or cefotaxime) is the drug of choice for the treatment of meningococcal meningitis and septicemia. Penicillin G, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, fluoroquinolone, and aztreonam are alternatives therapies (IDSA guidelines).
What antibiotic is best for Neisseria meningitidis?
Meningococcal infections are usually treated with penicillin, ampicillin, or a combination of penicillin and chloramphenicol. Isolates of Neisseria meningitidis with increased levels of resistance to penicillin have been reported in the last few years, particularly from Spain and the United Kingdom (17, 20).
What serotypes of Neisseria meningitidis are most seen in the US?
There are multiple serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis. Serogroups B, C, and Y cause the majority of disease in the United States. Serogroup W and nongroupable strains cause a small portion of disease.
Which N meningitidis serotype is invasive?
Neisseria meningitidis is a gram-negative bacterium that inhabits the mucosal surface of the nasopharynx in approximately 10% of healthy persons. The invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a severe form of Neisseria meningitidis infection, most commonly manifested as meningitis or septicemia.
Is there a vaccine for Neisseria meningitidis?
Vaccines can help prevent meningococcal disease, which is any type of illness caused by Neisseria meningitidis bacteria. There are 2 types of meningococcal vaccines available in the United States: Meningococcal conjugate or MenACWY vaccines (Menactra®, Menveo®, and MenQuadfi®)
Is the recommended antibiotic for prophylaxis in Neisseria meningitidis?
Antibiotic chemoprophylaxis with rifampin, ciprofloxacin, or ceftriaxone is required for household and other close contacts. Although the majority of cases of meningococcal disease are sporadic, outbreaks can occur, and vaccination of the affected population often is necessary.
Does amoxicillin cover Neisseria meningitidis?
meningitidis. For the initial treatment of patients ≥60 years old, and of patients with risk factors, a combination of penicillin or amoxicillin with a third-generation cephalosporin was recommended (Table 1).
Does ceftriaxone cover Neisseria meningitidis?
meningitidis were resistant to penicillin and nonsusceptible to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime (Table 1).
What is Rifampicin used for prophylaxis?
Rifampin is the drug of choice for prophylaxis (preventing disease) of close contacts of patients with Meningococcal disease and H. influenzae infection. Rifampin is 90% effective at reducing these types of bacteria in the nose and throat, therefore preventing spread of these infections.
Which antibiotic prophylaxis is used for meningococcemia?
Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Exposure to Meningococcal Disease
| Antibiotic | Age range | Dosage and route |
|---|---|---|
| Adults | 600 mg orally every 12 hours | |
| Ciprofloxacin† (Cipro) | Adults | 500 mg orally |
| Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) | Patients younger than 15 years | 125 mg intramuscularly |
| Patients 15 years and older | 250 mg intramuscularly |