What is embryo fetal toxicity?
Embryotoxicity includes (1) production by a substance of toxic effects in progeny in the first period of pregnancy between conception and the fetal stage and (2) any toxic effect on the conceptus as a result of prenatal exposure during the embryonic stages of development.
What are the 4 major outcomes considered in developmental toxicity?
The four major manifestations of developmental toxicity are death, structural abnormality, altered growth, and functional deficit.
What is male reproductive toxicity?
Male reproductive toxicity involves a broad range of targets and mechanisms such as direct effects on the seminiferous epithelium and/or on Leydig and Sertoli cells supporting spermatogenesis, epididymal sperm maturation as well as endocrine disruption.
What causes reproductive toxicity?
However, most studies of reproductive toxicity have focused on occupational or environmental exposure to chemicals and their effects on reproduction. Both consumption of alcohol and tobacco smoking are known to be “toxic for reproduction” in the sense used here.
What is toxicity develop?
Developmental toxicity is any structural or functional alteration, reversible or irreversible, which interferes with homeostasis, normal growth, differentiation, development or behavior, and which is caused by environmental insult (including drugs, lifestyle factors such as alcohol, diet, and environmental toxic …
What is teratogenic effect?
Teratogens are drugs, chemicals, or even infections that can cause abnormal fetal development. There are billions of potential teratogens, but only a few agents are proven to have teratogenic effects. These effects can result in a baby being born with a birth defect.
How does toxicity develop?
The toxicity depends on a variety of factors: dose, duration and route of exposure (see Module Two), shape and structure of the chemical itself, and individual human factors. body by inhalation (breathing), ingestion (eating), or absorption, or by direct contact with a chemical. humans, animals, or plants; a poison.
What is the meaning of reproductive toxin?
A reproductive toxin is a substance or agent that can cause adverse effects on the reproductive system. The toxic effects may include alterations to the reproductive [sexual] organs and/or the endocrine system (which includes the thyroid and adrenal glands). These effects can occur in both men and women.
Which is an example of reproductive toxin?
Reproductive toxins include physical agents (e.g. radiation), biological agents (e.g. viruses), maternal metabolic imbalances, and chemical agents. It is listed in Appendix V(j)-A as an “Example of Known or Suspected Human Reproductive Toxins”.
What is the meaning of reproductive toxicity?
Reproductive toxicity includes adverse effects on sexual function and fertility in adult males and females, as well as developmental toxicity in the offspring.
What effects do certain toxic chemicals have on the male and female reproductive system?
Hazardous exposures can cause infertility in males by interfering with hormones, damaging the testes (thus affecting sperm production), or by damaging the sperm leading to a reduction in sperm count, viability, motility, or functional capabilities.