What is Efron grading scale?
The Efron Grading Scales provide a standard clinical reference for describing the severity of contact lens complications. Professor Nathan Efron, international lecturer in the field of the ocular response to contact lens wear and author of over 500 scientific works, developed the unique scales.
What is CCLRU?
Acronym. Definition. CCLRU. Cornea and Contact Lens Research Unit (University of New South Wales School of Optometry and Vision Science; Australia)
What is corneal staining score?
The objective corneal staining score was defined as the ratio of the number of pixels that were identified as corneal erosions to the total number of pixels in cornea. The relationship between the subjective grading scales and the objective scores of the new strategy was evaluated using the Pearson’s correlation.
What is corneal neovascularization?
Results. Corneal neovascularization is characterized by the invasion of new blood vessels into the cornea caused by an imbalance between angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors that preserve corneal transparency as a result of various ocular insults and hypoxic injuries.
What is corneal infiltrate?
Corneal infiltrates represent an immune response to corneal insult, whether from a microbial antigen, contact lens wear or even corneal surgery. A firm grasp of corneal mechanics is a first important step toward understanding how an infiltrate occurs.
How is OSDI score calculated?
The total OSDI score was then calculated on the basis of the following formula: OSDI=[(sum of scores for all questions answered) × 100]/[(total number of questions answered) × 4]. Thus, the OSDI is scored on a scale of 0 to 100, with higher scores representing greater disability.
What causes infiltrates?
We know that infiltrates can be caused by either an infectious or non-infectious (sterile) condition, the latter being associated with contact lens wear, bacterial toxins, post-surgical trauma, autoimmune disease and other toxic stimuli.
What is an epithelial defect?
Causes: epithelial cell loss during storage, surface trauma intra-operatively, eye rubbing, lid malposition or medication toxicity. Normally, the defect will re-epithelialize by the dividing and migrating host epithelium from the limbus within a week.
What is TFOS Dews II?
The TFOS DEWS II involved the efforts of 150 clinical and basic science research experts from around the world, who utilized an evidence-based approach and a process of open communication, dialogue and transparency to increase our understanding of DED. This process required more than 2 years to complete.
What are the grades on the clinical grading scale?
Grades range from 0, where no clinical action is required to 4, where clinical action is urgently required. Management will be based on how much the normal ocular appearance has changed, with a difference in grade of 1 or less being considered within normal limits (except for staining).
Why is cclrj at the lower end of the scale?
This cclrj in the lower end of the scale being more sensitive a smaller change between grades than the upper end of the scale. Paper records may also have specific sections for recording clinical information, as well as previously drawn ocular sketches for annotation.
What are the different types of cclru staining?
Figure 1 shows the CCLRU punctate staining types. Type 0 means there is no staining. Type 1 is micropunctate; Type 2, macropunctate; Type 3, coalescent macropunctate staining; and Type 4 is a coalescent patch of 1mm or greater in size.
What does cclru stand for in cornea staining?
CCLRU The scale developed by the Cornea and Contact Lens Research Unit (CCLRU), School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, calls for three variables per zone: type, depth and extent of surface area staining. Figure 1 shows the CCLRU punctate staining types.