What is crystal induced nephropathy?
Background: Several medications that are insoluble in human urine are known to precipitate within the renal tubules. Intratubular precipitation of either exogenously administered medications or endogenous crystals (induced by certain drugs) can promote chronic and acute kidney injury, termed crystal nephropathy.
How do you prevent acyclovir nephrotoxicity?
The risk of acyclovir induced nephropathy can be minimized with empiric IV fluids to establish euvolemia before drug administration, avoiding rapid infusion of the drug (infuse slowly over 1-2 hours), and adjusting the dose for renal function if necessary [1].
Does acyclovir affect kidneys?
Acute kidney injury is an unfortunate complication of acyclovir therapy secondary to crystal-induced nephropathy. It is characterized by a decrease in renal function that develops within 24–48 hours of acyclovir administration indicated by a rapid rise in the serum creatinine.
Does Crystalluria cause renal failure?
Acute effects of crystal formation include acute renal failure, such as secondary to ethylene glycol ingestion and calcium oxalate crystals in the kidney or can produce obstruction with consequent hydronephrosis and frequently associated acute pyelonephritis.
Why is acyclovir nephrotoxic?
Acyclovir-induced nephrotoxicity is typically evident by an increase in the plasma creatinine level, abnormal urine sediment, or acute renal injury [8]. Acyclovir is rapidly excreted in the urine via glomerular filtration and tubular secretion, and reaches high concentrations in the tubular lumen.
How do you use acyclovir cream?
Clean and dry the affected areas before applying the medication. Apply to the affected area and rub in gently, usually 5 times a day (every 3 to 4 hours) for 4 days for cold sores, or as directed by your doctor. Apply enough cream to cover all affected areas (red/tingling/burning areas, sores). Apply to skin only.
Which drug shows crystalluria side effects?
Urinary Tract Crystalluria is a known adverse effect of amoxicillin and has been described with high-dose therapy. A 62-year-old woman was initiated on amoxicillin IV 200 mg/kg/day with gentamicin 240 mg IV once daily for Streptococcus agalactiae endocarditis.
What antibiotics cause crystalluria?
Although crystalluria is a frequent finding in the routine examination of urine, amoxicillin crystalluria is a rare event whose incidence remains unknown. Crystalluria caused by amoxicillin is very uncommon and may be asymptomatic or have severe renal implications.
When to use acyclovir cream and ointment?
Acyclovir cream and ointment are for use only on the skin. Do not let acyclovir cream or ointment get into your eyes, or inside your mouth or nose, and do not swallow the medication. Acyclovir cream should only be applied to skin where a cold sore has formed or seems likely to form.
When is the best time to use acyclovir?
Acyclovir ointment is usually applied six times a day (usually 3 hours apart) for 7 days. It is best to begin using acyclovir ointment as soon as possible after you experience the first symptoms of infection.
Why is acyclovir used to treat cold sores?
Why is this medication prescribed? Acyclovir cream is used to treat cold sores (fever blisters; blisters that are caused by a virus called herpes simplex) on the face or lips.