What does p16 positive mean?
Abstract. Expression of p16INK4A (p16 positive) is highly correlated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), however, p16-positivity is not limited to HPV positive tumors and therefore, not a perfect surrogate for HPV.
What is p16 in head and neck cancer?
p16 is a tumor suppressor gene, over expression of which is considered as a surrogate marker of oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Moreover, p16 over expression correlates with good prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
What is p16 squamous cell carcinoma?
p16 is a tumor suppressor protein that inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase 4A. As such, it is usually absent in head and neck SCC, the gene being mutated or deleted or the expression being abrogated by other mechanisms.
Is p16 the same as HPV 16?
On the other hand, p16 protein overexpression is caused by viral E7 protein (11). Consequently, p16 is assumed to be an indirect marker of HPV-induced SCCHN. Several studies describe p16 protein detection as a useful marker of HPV (especially HPV-16) activity (12-15).
Is p16 positive good or bad?
p16 was associated with marital status (p=0.008) and smoking (p=0.014). p16 positive patients had improved survival (similar to HPV16 positive cases). Patients with p16 negative/HPV16 negative status had the worst survival for all sites combined as well as for OP.
What is the function of p16?
p16 is a tumor suppressor protein that plays an important role in regulating the cell circle. As a CDK inhibitor, p16 can slow down the progression of the cell cycle by inactivating the CDK that phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein, which is also a tumor suppressor protein that regulates the cell circle.
What does p16 mean in cancer terms?
HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer
| Human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal cancer | |
|---|---|
| Other names | HPV16+ oropharyngeal cancer, HPV16+OPC |
| Microscope image of tumour showing HPV positivity by in situ hybridization | |
| Specialty | Oncology |
What is p16 immunohistochemistry?
p16INK4A (henceforth referred to as p16) immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a good surrogate test for the presence of a potentially transforming human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in anogenital carcinomas and premalignant lesions1. • p16 is a 16 kDa protein encoded by CDKN2A, within the INK4/ARF tumour.
What is p16 testing?
FDA approved for HPV detection for cervical cancer in USA. The test that is most widely available in clinical laboratories and most widely used in clinical practice is p16 (INK4A) detection by IHC. This protein is a surrogate marker of transcriptionally active high‐risk HPV infection.
Is p16 negative bad?
Patients with p16 negative/HPV16 negative status had the worst survival for all sites combined as well as for OP. p16 status is an important prognostic indicator in both OPSCC and non-OPSCC and the p16 positive/HPV16 negative group is likely a distinct subgroup lacking any HPV genotype.
How is p16 regulated?
p16 protein is relatively stable and its expression is primary regulated by transcriptional control. Polycomb group (PcG) proteins associate with the p16 locus in a long non-coding RNA, ANRIL-dependent manner, leading to repression of p16 transcription.
Where is the p16 gene located?
p16 is a tumor suppressor protein encoded by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) gene, located on chromosome 9p21. 3. It plays an important role in cell cycle regulation by decelerating cell progression from G1 phase to S phase.