What are the recommended clones for rubber production?
Some clones, such as RRIM 600, RRIT 251 and RRIT 250 were recommended clones, whereas others had been used as parents in various rubber tree breeding programs in Thailand.
What RRIM 600?
Not only was RRIM 600 a premier pedigree clone at the height of rubber production in Malaysia, it was also recommended for wide scale planting in countries such as Brazil and Thailand (Junior et al. 2015; Pethin et al. 2015).
What is rubber clone?
In rubber clones are broadly classified into three categories based on the methods adopted for the development of mother trees. Secondary clones: When the mother trees are evolved by cross pollination (hand pollination) between two primary clones and are then multiplied vegetatively, they are known as secondary clones.
Where are the rubber plantations concentrated?
Where are the rubber plantations Concentrated? Rubber plantation concentrated on slopes of 8°–25°, rarely distributed on slopes above 35°. Rubber plantation was primarily distributed in south and east aspects, relatively few in north and west aspects.
Where is rubber grown Brazil?
São Paulo
Brazil has four main climatic zones, viz., tropical rain, tropical wet and dry, subtropical rain and temperate (Figure 4). Though the former two are conducive to rubber production, the south- ern plateau of São Paulo (20-24°S; 44-52°W), with tropical wet and dry climate, is the main production area. …
Is rubber grown in Brazil?
In the 19th century, Brazil dominated the global market in natural rubber – but not any more. The country now accounts for less than 1 per cent of world production, and the reason is a fungus called Microcyclus ulei, which attacks the leaves of rubber trees. It has caused a massive fall in latex production.
Where are rubber plantation concentrated in Brazil?
State of São Paulo
The modest production of natural rubber in Brazil (about 1% of total world production and 30% of national consumption) is concentrated in the State of São Paulo, which accounts for more than 60% of the total amount produced in the country 15. Análise da Cadeia Produtiva da Borracha Natural do Paraná.
Who created synthetic rubber?
In 1860, Greville Williams obtained a liquid with the same formula by distilling rubber; he called it “isoprene.” Synthetic rubber technology started in 1879, when Gustave Bouchardat found that heating isoprene with hydrochloric acid produced a rubberlike polymer.
How much did rubber cost in the 1800s?
For instance, the average price of rubber from 1880-1884 was 401 pounds sterling per ton; from 1900 to 1904, when the first plantations were beginning to be set up, the average price was 459 pounds sterling per ton.
Which countries produce the most rubber?
Thailand produced 4.37 million metric tons of natural rubber in 2020, making it the leading producer of natural rubber worldwide. This was followed by Indonesia, which produced 3.04 million metric tons.
Why is synthetic rubber bad?
Like plastic, synthetic rubber is bad for the environment. The production process releases soot into the atmosphere, and the U.S. alone discards millions of tires each year. Goodrich, now a tire manufacturer, once led the way in all things rubber, making tens of thousands of products.
Which is the first synthetic rubber?
isoprene
In 1909, a team headed by Fritz Hofmann, working at the Bayer laboratory in Elberfeld, Germany, succeeded in polymerizing isoprene, the first synthetic rubber. The first rubber polymer synthesized from butadiene was created in 1910 by the Russian scientist Sergei Vasiljevich Lebedev.