What are hydrotropes used for?
Hydrotropes are used to adjust the cloud point of the formulation. A higher concentration of hydrotrope generally leads to higher cloud points. Solvents and more-soluble surfactant classes can also be used to increase solubility.
What is the meaning of hydrotropes?
A hydrotrope is a compound that solubilizes hydrophobic compounds in aqueous solutions by means other than micellar solubilization. Typically, hydrotropes consist of a hydrophilic part and a hydrophobic part (similar to surfactants), but the hydrophobic part is generally too small to cause spontaneous self-aggregation.
What are hydrotropic agents?
Hydrotropic agents are stated as ionic organic salts which help to increase or decrease the solubility of solute in a given solvent via ‘salt in’ or ‘salt out’ effects, respectively. Salts which show ‘salt in’ of non-electrolytes are called “hydrotropic salts” and the phenomenon is known as “hydrotropism”.
Is ethanol a hydrotrope?
Such precursors are achievable by dissolving the MO in a hydrotrope, such as ethanol, and preventing formation of liquid crystalline systems, instead forming concentrated liquid precursors.
Are hydrotropes distinct from surfactants?
This kind of behavior tends to suggest that the short chain hydrotropes have a notably different thermodynamic behavior as compared to longer chain “surfactants”. Hence, based on the analysis alone, it could be concluded that hydrotropes are a distinct class from surfactants….Figure 2.
| CnBenz | cac/M |
|---|---|
| 7 | 0.024 |
| 8 | 0.011 |
What is sodium xylene sulfonate used for?
Sodium xylene sulfonate is used in liquid household detergents and shampoos, in degreasing compounds and printing pastes used in the textile industry in agents used to extract pentosans and lignin in the paper industry, and as a glue additive in the leather industry.
What is surfactant in chemistry?
Surfactants are compounds that lower the surface tension (or interfacial tension) between two liquids, between a gas and a liquid, or between a liquid and a solid. Surfactants may act as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, foaming agents, or dispersants.
Is sodium xylene sulfonate harmful?
Sodium xylene sulfonate is a low hazard material and risk of adverse health effects associated with both occupational and consumer use of this chemical is anticipated to be low.
Is sodium xylene sulfonate safe?
Sodium Xylene Sulfonate is FDA approved, and is seen in shampoos and other products in concentrations up to 10%. Safety Measures/Side Effects: Sodium Xylene Sulfonate is considered a low hazard ingredient by the Cosmetics Database, which has mild concerns regarding organ system toxicity and skin and eye irritation.
How a surfactant works on the colloidal system?
The surfactant reduces the surface tension of water by adsorbing at the liquid–gas interface. They also reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water by adsorbing at the liquid–liquid interface.
What is surfactant in respiratory system?
Surfactant is released from the lung cells and spreads across the tissue that surrounds alveoli. This substance lowers surface tension, which keeps the alveoli from collapsing after exhalation and makes breathing easy.
Is sodium xylene sulfonate bad for hair?
This can even break down your hair’s natural proteins (keratins). If you see Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate or Sodium Xylene sulfonate on the ingredient list, your shampoo formula is too harsh for your color-treated hair and will cause your color to fade more quickly.”
How are hydrotropes used in aqueous systems?
Hydrotropes are a special class of material to be used at relatively low levels for solubilization of surfactants. Builders and other electrolytes will depress cloud point temperature or solubility of surfactants in aqueous systems [ 12 ]. Hydrotropes are used to adjust the cloud point of the formulation.
How are hydrotropes used to improve surfactant solubility?
Hydrotropes increase the solubility of surfactants and hydrophobic materials in a wide variety of formulations, particularly those containing high concentrations of alkaline builders or in acidic systems. Hydrotropes also have the ability to increase the cloud point of a surfactant solution allowing for higher temperature end-use applications.
What is the present review of hydrotropic agents?
The present review takes the readers through a concise overview, geometrical features of hydrotropic agents, hypothetical mechanisms and their different advances toward drug delivery. Moreover, this review would provide an insight of the future perspectives concerned with the drug delivery and hydrotropism. 1. Introduction
How are hydrotropes used in carpet cleaning products?
An understanding of hydrotropes is crucial to the formulation of carpet cleaning products. Hydrotropes are compounds that improve the solubility of surfactants in water, particularly those structured to contain high levels of builders or alkalinity. They are usually incorporated into a formulation at levels of up to 5%.