How does the speedometer work on a Honda Civic?
There are a few different key elements that go into how the speedometer in your Honda Civic works. Here’s a general idea of how it works. The vehicle speed sensor (VSS) gear is located on the transmission, and it sends an RPM signal to the engine control unit (ECU).
When did my speedometer and RMP gauge work?
This morning forvthe first time my speedometer and rmp gauge was working. My speedometer would read 0 and sometimes jump around and twice for about a minute actually work. My rpm gaugevran unusally higher then usual (which i could also hear my engine working harder then usual.
Why is my speedometer, rpm gauge and fuel gauge not working?
Q: My speedometer, rpm gauge and fuel gauge are not working; possible gear slipping and high rpm. I recently had a used motor put in my vehicle about 6 months ago when there was an oil build up which is commin in this engine i guess, and a new starter about 6 weeks ago.
What should I do if my speedometer is not working?
Unfortunately, an OEM gauge cluster is getting more difficult to find, so an aftermarket gauge cluster might be your best option. The alternative, but more indirect method to replacing the gauge cluster, is to purchase a GPS as it can give you a reading of your car’s speed.
Why is the speedometer on my Honda Civic not working?
Find the most common driver-reported problems that are to blame when a Honda Civic has a speedometer that doesn’t work. Speedometer not operating properly due to bad s… The shift control solenoid externally mounted on the automatic transmission (non cvt) can fail and causes a harsh 1-2…
Unfortunately, an OEM gauge cluster is getting more difficult to find, so an aftermarket gauge cluster might be your best option. The alternative, but more indirect method to replacing the gauge cluster, is to purchase a GPS as it can give you a reading of your car’s speed.
Can a Honda Civic get a speeding ticket?
This article applies to the Honda Civic (1992-2000). Driving without a properly functioning speedometer is a speeding ticket waiting to happen, so it’s important to fix it as soon as possible. There are a few different key elements that go into how the speedometer in your Honda Civic works. Here’s a general idea of how it works.
Where is the speedometer sensor on a car?
The speedometer sensor is located inside the transmission and attached to a driveshaft, which impacts multiple functions of the car. Due to this fact, it’s possible that the Check Engine Light will light up on the dashboard if a sensor problem is discovered by the vehicle’s CPU.
What to do if your Honda speedometer won’t work?
Read on to learn how to fix your Honda’s failing speedometer and odometer. This article applies to the Honda Civic (1992-2002) and Accord (1992-2002).
What causes the speedometer to bob up and down?
If the EGR goes bad or becomes damaged, it may remain open when it is supposed to be closed, which will cause the speedometer to bob up and down sporadically, and will also cause the engine to run very roughly. Every Honda Civic has a fuse box, which is located on the inside of the dashboard on the driver’s side.
What happens when a speed sensor stops working?
A speed sensor does not only indicate the vehicle speed but also help with cruise control operation and regulation of the fuel’s flowing and ignition timing. A speedometer may stop working due to a bad sensor.
What causes a Honda Civic speedometer to go idle?
Without a clip, the wires will rub freely against the engine, eventually resulting in bare wires that short out against the metal of the car. The Variable Speed Sensor, also known as the VSS, is located on the transmission and will cause the speedometer to remain idle during acceleration if damaged.
What should I do if my Honda speedometer is not working?
First do a visual inspection for any loose or broken wires, and then replace or solder them as needed. If you see no breaks or loose connections, use a multimeter to check for proper electrical current in the wires. This will help you to locate any shorts or internal brakes that are not visible. The cost of a multimeter starts at $10.
Can a broken VSS cause your speedometer to stop working?
A faulty, damaged, or broken VSS can cause your speedometer to fluctuate and completely stop working. Replacing it is easy, and it shouldn’t take more than 10 minutes. Expect to pay between around $10 to $20 for a new one.
A speed sensor does not only indicate the vehicle speed but also help with cruise control operation and regulation of the fuel’s flowing and ignition timing. A speedometer may stop working due to a bad sensor.
Why is my speed sensor bouncing on my Honda Civic?
It’s not back for an engine thought it’s back for a speed sensor code as well as harsh shifting and a bouncing speedometer needle. This is a fairly common problem on Hondas but in this case there was come corrosion that came into play.
This article applies to the Honda Civic (1992-2000). Driving without a properly functioning speedometer is a speeding ticket waiting to happen, so it’s important to fix it as soon as possible. There are a few different key elements that go into how the speedometer in your Honda Civic works. Here’s a general idea of how it works.
Why does my Honda Civic Jerk when I let my foot off the gas?
This article will discuss the likely reasons why your Honda Civic jerks when you let your foot off the gas pedal. If you feel this jerk when you immediately take your foot off the gas after accelerating (with no feathering) or you barely press the gas enough to begin accelerating, follow the diagnostic steps below.
There are a few different key elements that go into how the speedometer in your Honda Civic works. Here’s a general idea of how it works. The vehicle speed sensor (VSS) gear is located on the transmission, and it sends an RPM signal to the engine control unit (ECU).
How much is Honda Civic transmission speed sensor?
Shop AutoZone for Honda Civic Vehicle/Transmission Speed Sensor. 10% OFF $75. Use Code: DIYSAVE10 Online Ship-to-Home Orders Only
Where is the VSS code on a Honda Civic?
Once you have the trouble codes in hand, look for codes with the number 4 or 17. Both these numbers relate to the VSS gear. If you have either code, it needs to be replaced. A new VSS runs for about $40. Figure 2. VSS gear location on the transmission.
What’s the fuse number on a Honda Civic?
The table in Figure 1c contains the fuse, the rating, and what the fuse does. For example, if your radio stopped working, you’d need to test fuse number 23 and replace it with a new 15 amp fuse if found to be faulty.
Read on to learn how to fix your Honda’s failing speedometer and odometer. This article applies to the Honda Civic (1992-2002) and Accord (1992-2002).
If the EGR goes bad or becomes damaged, it may remain open when it is supposed to be closed, which will cause the speedometer to bob up and down sporadically, and will also cause the engine to run very roughly. Every Honda Civic has a fuse box, which is located on the inside of the dashboard on the driver’s side.
What happens when the speedometer on a Honda Civic stops working?
The ECU then translates this signal into MPH, and relays that information to the speedometer in your car’s instrument panel. If the speedometer in your Civic has stopped working or is delivering completely inaccurate readings, continue reading to properly diagnose and repair the problem.
What happens if you drive without a speedometer?
Driving without a properly functioning speedometer is a speeding ticket waiting to happen, so it’s important to fix it as soon as possible. There are a few different key elements that go into how the speedometer in your Honda Civic works. Here’s a general idea of how it works.
How can I get my Honda odometer to work?
Use a Phillips screwdriver to remove the screws of the dashboard bezels. There is one near the A/C controls and another above the gauge cluster itself. Undo several clips on both sides of the dashboard bezel, and remove it. Use a 1/4” ratchet, socket and extension to remove the wiring cluster from the dashboard.
Where is the speedometer on a Honda Accord?
It is in the back of the engine compartment on top of the transmission. Remove the air intake hose and filter. Remove the electrical connector on top of the VSS by squeezing the clip and sliding it off of the sensor. Remove the VSS bolt with a 10 mm socket, ratchet, and extension. To remove the VSS, wiggle and pull it straight out.
Why does my odometer and speedometer stop working?
Your speedometer and odometer can start acting wonky (or stop working altogether) for two main reasons: either your vehicle’s speed sensor or speedometer gauge cluster have failed. Both problems are simple and inexpensive to fix, even for the novice DIY-er.
Use a Phillips screwdriver to remove the screws of the dashboard bezels. There is one near the A/C controls and another above the gauge cluster itself. Undo several clips on both sides of the dashboard bezel, and remove it. Use a 1/4” ratchet, socket and extension to remove the wiring cluster from the dashboard.
It is in the back of the engine compartment on top of the transmission. Remove the air intake hose and filter. Remove the electrical connector on top of the VSS by squeezing the clip and sliding it off of the sensor. Remove the VSS bolt with a 10 mm socket, ratchet, and extension. To remove the VSS, wiggle and pull it straight out.
Where is the cable for the speedometer located?
Slide underneath the dashboard on the driver’s side with the shop light. Look up under the dash, and locate the cable where it screws into the back of the speedometer cluster. Use a pair of pliers to unscrew the cap screw and pull it free. Use pliers to remove the horseshoe spring clip, if so equipped.
What do you need to install a speedometer?
While removing and installing a speedometer doesn’t require any specialized equipment, you do need to make sure that you have both phillips and flathead screwdrivers on hand, as well as a pair of pliers, a good wrench set, and possibly a good socket wrench set.
First do a visual inspection for any loose or broken wires, and then replace or solder them as needed. If you see no breaks or loose connections, use a multimeter to check for proper electrical current in the wires. This will help you to locate any shorts or internal brakes that are not visible. The cost of a multimeter starts at $10.
How do you change the speedometer on a Honda Civic?
Drive your cars to an even stretch of open road, and park your cars side by side. Remove the needle from the gauge cluster. Accelerate both your vehicles, and have the other vehicle drive steady at 20 mph. Synchronize your car to the same speed as the other vehicle. Press the needle onto the 20 mph mark of your speedometer.
Why did I get a speeding ticket on my Honda Civic?
A speedometer error is the number one reason for speeding tickets. While the police officer who pulled you over may not accept an inaccurate speedometer as a valid (or legal) reason for avoiding that speeding ticket, you can reduce your chances of receiving future speeding tickets by re-calibrating the speedometer in your Honda Civic.
Can a speedometer error cause a speeding ticket?
This article applies to the Honda Civic (1992-2000). A speedometer error is the number one reason for speeding tickets.
Why are the gauges not working on my Honda Civic?
The ECM/PCM cannot receive signals from multiplex control unit and the gauge assembly. 1. 2. *Before replacing a Faulty ECM/PCM, make sure it has the latest software revision. Update if necessary before swapping or replacing. Short to ground on one of the communication wires.
How do you replace a speedometer on a Honda?
Undo several clips on both sides of the dashboard bezel, and remove it. Use a 1/4” ratchet, socket and extension to remove the wiring cluster from the dashboard. Unplug the harness from the gauge cluster. Plug the stock harness into the replacement gauge cluster/speedometer. Use the 1/4” ratchet, socket and extension to install the new cluster.
What are the gauges on my Honda Civic?
My 2004 Honda Civic gauges have started failing in an intermittent way. When this happens, all the gauges (speedometer, tachometer, fuel, temp, LCD odometer) all read zero. When the gauges are in this state, the odometer is also not counting any mileage that I drive.
When did the first Honda Civic come out?
The Honda Civic first entered the US car market in 1972 as a 1973 model year. Since then, the Civic has built a name for itself for being reliable, affordable, and fuel-efficient. While it started as a subcompact, it has since grown to become a well-respected member of the compact segment.
What kind of transmission does a Honda Civic have?
Transmissions included a standard 5-speed manual, as well as a 4-speed automatic on the DX hatchback, and all sedan models. The sixth generation of the Civic was still a step forward, though, not as big a step compared to previous years. Sedans were still available in DX, LX, and EX trims, but Honda reduced the hatchback to only two, the CX and DX.
How many miles does a 1995 Honda Civic have?
Is hard to choose a new one. Excellent car, I bought it used, with 65 000 miles, i drove it for many years,then my husband delivered pizza in it,then stay in my driveway for 5 year.
How long does it take Honda Civic Si to get to 60 mph?
Running with characteristic smoothness, though there’s a good deal of thrumming noise at higher revs, the new engine propelled our Si from rest to 60 mph in 7.5 seconds. That shows an improvement of a full second over the last Civic Si we tested despite a curb-weight increase from 2210 pounds then to 2362 now.
When did the Honda Civic Si come out?
From the February 1992 issue of Car and Driver. When we were in Japan to view the second-generation Acura Legends some eighteen months ago, a product-planning manager for American Honda responded to our speculation that the company seemed to be turning conservative. “Wait till you see the new Civics ,” he said.
How much does a 1992 Honda Civic cost?
Honda : Civic 92 honda civic hatchback. $11,500. Dayton, Nevada. Year 1992. Make Honda. Model Civic. Category Sedan. Mileage 2000. Posted Over 1 Month.
Where is the speedometer located on a car?
Where is the speedometer sensor located? The speedometer sensor is located in the transmission of your vehicle and is designed to register the driveshaft’s rotational speed. The sensor delivers this information through the speedometer cable and to the vehicle’s computer, which converts electrical pulses into a numerical speed.
Once you have the trouble codes in hand, look for codes with the number 4 or 17. Both these numbers relate to the VSS gear. If you have either code, it needs to be replaced. A new VSS runs for about $40. Figure 2. VSS gear location on the transmission.
If you remove the intake arm from the intake manifold, and look straight down with a flash light you will see a sensor that is located on the transmission and held down by 2 10mm socket bolts.
If you remove the intake arm from the intake manifold, and look straight down with a flash light you will see a sensor that is located on the transmission and held down by 2 10mm socket bolts.
What to do if your Honda speed sensor is broken?
If your ’98 – ’02 Honda Accord speedometer is performing erratically, or not at all, your vehicle speed sensor may be damaged or broken. Use this guide to replace your damaged vehicle speed sensor. Pull on the hood release lever just inside the passenger door to pop the hood.
How to change the speed sensor on a Honda?
Insert the drive link into the new VSS and plug it in. The drive link should line up with the shaft, and you will hear a click when it is in place. Tighten the VSS with the 10 mm bolt, and reattach the connector. It will click into place. Replace air intake hose and filter. Figure 1. A vehicle speed sensor (VSS). Figure 2. Location of the VSS.
What causes a Honda Civic speedometer to stutter?
If one or both oxygen sensors malfunction, incorrect ignition and fuel supply could cause the engine to run poorly, which will cause the speedometer to jerk and stutter in response. A bad oxygen sensor is often accompanied by the check engine light.
Why does my speedometer read slower than my speed?
The speed reading is based on fixed tire sizes, which are preset into the ECU straight out from the factory. Changing the wheels to a larger diameter will cause the speedometer to read slower than your car’s actual speed, and a decrease in diameter will cause it to read faster.
Driving without a properly functioning speedometer is a speeding ticket waiting to happen, so it’s important to fix it as soon as possible. There are a few different key elements that go into how the speedometer in your Honda Civic works. Here’s a general idea of how it works.
Where is the fuse box on a Honda Civic?
Every Honda Civic has a fuse box, which is located on the inside of the dashboard on the driver’s side. If the fuse that controls the speedometer comes loose or blows, the speedometer may behave erratically, or stop functioning entirely.
How do you replace a vehicle speed sensor?
Use a rag and clean out the threads of the sensor housing. Set the new vehicle speed sensor into the threaded area and make sure it is straight. Start to tighten it by hand. Once it gets snug, use the wrench again to tighten it a few more turns.
When to replace the speedometer in your car?
If you notice that the speedometer does not work any longer, replace the vehicle speed sensor as it is the most likely cause. It is important to make sure that you purchase the correct vehicle speed sensor for your car.
Use a rag and clean out the threads of the sensor housing. Set the new vehicle speed sensor into the threaded area and make sure it is straight. Start to tighten it by hand. Once it gets snug, use the wrench again to tighten it a few more turns.
What happens if the speed sensor comes off?
If the magnet comes off the speed sensor, it will lodge itself into the transmission making a grinding noise. Depending on how the sensor failed, an engine light will illuminate to inform the driver that there is a problem. Step 1: Turn on the ignition and start the engine. Drive the vehicle around the block to see if the speedometer will operate.
If you notice that the speedometer does not work any longer, replace the vehicle speed sensor as it is the most likely cause. It is important to make sure that you purchase the correct vehicle speed sensor for your car.
Where is the transmission speed sensor located on a car?
Keep in mind that about one quart of transmission fluid will leak out when you remove it. Note: The transmission speed sensor is located in the rear of a longitudinal mount transmission. For transaxles, the speed sensor is located on the long side of the output shaft. This would be the end of the transaxle that faces the front of the engine.
Is the speedometer on my Honda ex working?
I have a 2011 Honda Civic Ex and the speedometer has stopped working. I am getting the following DTCs P0720, P0722, I have a 2011 Honda Civic Ex and the speedometer has stopped working.
I have a 2011 Honda Civic Ex and the speedometer has stopped working. I am getting the following DTCs P0720, P0722, I have a 2011 Honda Civic Ex and the speedometer has stopped working.
How much does it cost to re solder a Honda Civic?
Cover each solder joint. Apply a new layer of solder while taking care not to run onto the other leads of the circuit board. Basic soldering kits run for as little as $15. Figure 3. Re-soldering circuit board connections.
Your speedometer and odometer can start acting wonky (or stop working altogether) for two main reasons: either your vehicle’s speed sensor or speedometer gauge cluster have failed. Both problems are simple and inexpensive to fix, even for the novice DIY-er.
Why is the odometer not showing on my Honda Civic?
Don’t know what they did but they knew what it was. The IMID does not display odometer, trip, range, or economy, this is fixed with a software update. Disconnecting the battery may reset and work for a while, but is not a permanent fix for the problem. Please see your Honda dealer. I have a Civic 2013 and experience the same problem.
Why does my Honda Civic speedometer keep going up and down?
When a speedometer malfunctions, it may function in many different ways, including constant idling, rising when the car is idle, reporting an incorrect speed, and bobbing up and down. When a Civic’s speedometer malfunctions, it could be caused by a number of problems.
Every Honda Civic has a fuse box, which is located on the inside of the dashboard on the driver’s side. If the fuse that controls the speedometer comes loose or blows, the speedometer may behave erratically, or stop functioning entirely.
Why are there two oxygen sensors in a Honda Civic?
Unlike most other cars, the Honda Civic has two oxygen sensors, which relay exhaust information to the car’s computer so that the fuel supply and ignition rate of the engine remain stable and efficient.
What causes the speedometer to stay idle during acceleration?
The Variable Speed Sensor, also known as the VSS, is located on the transmission and will cause the speedometer to remain idle during acceleration if damaged. Corrosion on the connection could also result in speedometer malfunction, and is generally corrected by cleaning, repair or replacement.
Where is the VSS sensor on a Honda?
Open hood and locate the VSS. It is in the back of the engine compartment on top of the transmission. Remove the air intake hose and filter. Remove the electrical connector on top of the VSS by squeezing the clip and sliding it off of the sensor.
How does the VSS work on a Honda CRV?
The VSS is one part of a system of sensors that helps keep you safe (traction control, ABS, cruise control). A modern vehicle’s speedometer takes the input from the Vehicle Speed Sensor and sends that data to the ECU. The ECU is programmed with your CR-V’s gear ratios and stock tire height.
What do you need to connect a taximeter?
To connect a taximeter you need power (+12Volt Battery), ground and the VSS wire. The vehicle speed sensor, or VSS wire is normally a part of a vehicle’s speedometer array.
How does the speedometer work on a Honda CRV?
A modern vehicle’s speedometer takes the input from the Vehicle Speed Sensor and sends that data to the ECU. The ECU is programmed with your CR-V’s gear ratios and stock tire height.
What kind of OBD do I need for a taximeter?
SLIMKEY OBD will provide the speed signal required for any Taximeter to work with distance. SLIMKEY OBD is designed to permanently solve the problem of the speedometer sensor on vehicles with CAN BUS systems. Can’t find a VSS signal? Plug the SLIMKEY into the OBD plug on any CAN vehicle and your installation is complete.
Are there any fault codes for Honda motorcycles?
Since 2013, the company has been working on the development of intermediate classes and has been producing models with 500cc engines ( CBR500R, CB500F , CB500X ). – Free Motorcycle Fault Codes DTC.
What is the wiring diagram for a Honda 125?
Honda Motorcycle Wiring Diagram – hero honda motorcycle wiring diagram, honda 125 motorcycle wiring diagram, honda motorcycle alarm wiring diagram, Every electric arrangement is composed of various unique parts. Each component ought to be set and connected with different parts in particular way.
What kind of wiring does a Honda motorcycle use?
Honda CM250 CM 250 C Electrical Wiring Harness Diagram Schematic 1981 1982 1983 HERE Honda CM400 A CM 400 Hondamatic Electrical Wiring Diagram Schematic 1979 – 1982 HERE
What kind of wiring harness does a Honda CD125 use?
Honda CD125 CD 125 Electrical Wiring Harness Diagram Schematic 1971 – 1974 HERE Honda CD175 CD 175 Electrical Wiring Harness Diagram Schematic 1967 – 1969 HERE Honda CG125 CG 125 Electrical Wiring Harness Diagram Schematic 1976 – 2008 HERE Honda CL72 250 Scrambler Electrical Wiring Harness Diagram Schematic 1962 – 1965 HERE
What kind of wiring harness does a Honda CB175 use?
Honda CB160 CB 160 Electrical Wiring Harness Diagram Schematic 1965 1966 1967 HERE Honda CB175 K0 CB 175 Electrical Wiring Harness Diagram Schematic 1968 HERE Honda CB175 K3 CB 175 Electrical Wiring Harness Diagram Schematic 1969 HERE Honda CB175 K4 CB 175 Electrical Wiring Harness Diagram Schematic 1970 HERE
The Variable Speed Sensor, also known as the VSS, is located on the transmission and will cause the speedometer to remain idle during acceleration if damaged. Corrosion on the connection could also result in speedometer malfunction, and is generally corrected by cleaning, repair or replacement.
How to fix a speedometer gauge in your car?
How to fix speedometer problems in your car by replacing the speed sensor. Speed sensor location, inspection, removal and repair. DIY car repair with Scotty Kilmer, an auto mechanic for the last 44 years. 1. Actron Scan Tool: http://amzn.to/2ngeCQJ 2. Screwdriver set: http://amzn.to/2jaHIfP 3. Ratchet and socket set: http://amzn.to/2inoxOY 4.
How to replace the crankshaft sensor on a 98 Honda Civic?
Raise the driver’s side front of the car with the floor jack and place a jack stand under the subframe. Lower the car onto the stand. Complete the removal of the left front wheel by removing the lug nuts. Remove the inner fenderwell splash shield, using a 10 mm socket.
Where is the crankshaft sensor on a Honda Civic EX?
The crankshaft sensor on a 1998 Honda Civic EX is located under the front lower timing cover, where it gets its signal off the crank sprocket. Replacing the crankshaft sensor should not be attempted without a certain amount of mechanical ability and a basic understanding of the mechanical principles that apply to this task.
If your ’98 – ’02 Honda Accord speedometer is performing erratically, or not at all, your vehicle speed sensor may be damaged or broken. Use this guide to replace your damaged vehicle speed sensor. Pull on the hood release lever just inside the passenger door to pop the hood.
It’s not back for an engine thought it’s back for a speed sensor code as well as harsh shifting and a bouncing speedometer needle. This is a fairly common problem on Hondas but in this case there was come corrosion that came into play.
Where is the speed sensor on a Honda Accord?
Locate the sensor’s 12 mm hex bolt. The bolt is slightly further back and towards the driver’s side of the car, relative to the vehicle speed sensor connector. Guide a 12 mm socket with two 10″ extensions down onto the bolt.
Undo several clips on both sides of the dashboard bezel, and remove it. Use a 1/4” ratchet, socket and extension to remove the wiring cluster from the dashboard. Unplug the harness from the gauge cluster. Plug the stock harness into the replacement gauge cluster/speedometer. Use the 1/4” ratchet, socket and extension to install the new cluster.
Insert the drive link into the new VSS and plug it in. The drive link should line up with the shaft, and you will hear a click when it is in place. Tighten the VSS with the 10 mm bolt, and reattach the connector. It will click into place. Replace air intake hose and filter. Figure 1. A vehicle speed sensor (VSS). Figure 2. Location of the VSS.
What kind of transmission does a 2004 Honda Civic have?
There are 16 choices for the 2004 Honda Civic Transmission Assembly !!! Have a question? Have a question? This is a complete used OEM Manual Transmission that’s guaranteed to fit the 2004 Honda Civic manufacturer’s specifications ().
When does Honda Civic engine hesitate during acceleration?
Honda Civic Engine hesitates during acceleration Inspection at your home or office. Our certified mobile mechanics come to you 7 days a week between 7 AM and 9 PM. Our certified mobile mechanics can come to you now. Honda Civic Engine hesitates during acceleration Inspection costs $89 on average.
How can I tell if my speedometer sensor is bad?
On most cars sold today, this will be indicated by the cruise control light being illuminated on the dashboard – even if it’s not engaged. If you experience this problem, it’s possible that the speedometer sensor needs to be replaced. 3. Check Engine Light comes on
How does the speedometer work in a car?
Today’s cars and trucks have electronic fuel injection, which is controlled by the onboard computer. The EFI supplies fuel to the engine based on input from multiple sensors; one of which is the speedometer sensor.
The ECM/PCM cannot receive signals from multiplex control unit and the gauge assembly. 1. 2. *Before replacing a Faulty ECM/PCM, make sure it has the latest software revision. Update if necessary before swapping or replacing. Short to ground on one of the communication wires.