How do you describe Fundoscopy findings?
Fundoscopy typically reveals severe tortuosity, engorgement of retinal veins, deep haemorrhages, cotton wool spots and optic disc swelling.
How would you describe the fundus picture?
Fundus cameras are described by the angle of view – the optical angle of acceptance of the lens. An angle of 30°, considered the normal angle of view, creates a film image 2.5 times larger than life. Wide angle fundus cameras capture images between 45° and 140° and provide proportionately less retinal magnification.
How would you describe the fundus?
The part of a hollow organ that is across from, or farthest away from, the organ’s opening. Depending on the organ, the fundus may be at the top or bottom of the organ. For example, the fundus of the uterus is the top part of the uterus that is across from the cervix (the opening of the uterus).
How do you write a good Fundoscopic exam?
Funduscopic Examination
- Keep both yours and the person’s eyes.
- Have the patient focus on a distant object.
- Look at right fundus with your right eye.
- Ophthalmoscope should be close to your eyes.
- Set the lens opening at +8 to +10 diopters.
What is the normal AV ratio?
The ratio has been normally regarded as 2 : 3 (Leatham, 1949), 2 : 3 to 3 : 4 (Gowers, 1879; Fishberg, 1954), 3 : 5 to 5 : 5 (Nicholls, Turnbull, and Evelyn, 1956), and 4 : 5 or 5 : 5 (Wood, 1956). by ordinary ophthalmoscopy.
What is normal cup disc ratio?
The normal cup to disc ratio (the diameter of the cup divided by the diameter of the whole nerve head or disc) is about 1/3 or 0.3. There is some normal variation here, with some people having almost no cup (thus having 1/10 or 0.1), and others having 4/5ths or 0.8 as a cup to disc ratio.
What is the normal appearance of the macula?
The macula is an oval-shaped pigmented area near (5°=1.5 mm away from) the center of the retina of the human eye and other animal eyes. The macula in humans has a diameter of around 5.5 mm (0.22 in) and is subdivided into the umbo, foveola, foveal avascular zone, fovea, parafovea, and perifovea areas.
How do you examine a Fundoscopy?
Funduscopic examination is a routine part of every doctor’s examination of the eye, not just the ophthalmologist’s. It consists exclusively of inspection. One looks through the ophthalmoscope (Figure 117.1), which is simply a light with various optical modifications, including lenses.
When should a Fundoscopy be done?
This test is often included in a routine eye exam to screen for eye diseases. Your eye doctor may also order it if you have a condition that affects your blood vessels, such as high blood pressure or diabetes. Ophthalmoscopy may also be called funduscopy or retinal examination.
What does AV ratio mean?
ratio, AV. The ratio of the diameter of the ret-inal arteries to that of the retinal veins. It is usually around two-thirds. Deviations from this value may indicate a vascular disease (e.g. hypertension).
How is AV ratio calculated?
A/V Ratio = 0.67. Count the marks and divide the arteriole diameter (in pixels) by the venule diameter (in pixels), and you achieve the final ratio of diameters.