What is the underlying pathophysiology of asthma?
The pathophysiology of asthma is complex and involves airway inflammation, intermittent airflow obstruction, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness.
What causes prolonged expiration in asthma?
Respiratory muscles normally relax during exhalation, but during an asthma attack accessory muscles are needed to push air out. This causes a prolonged expiratory phase, and wheezing from turbulent airflow through constricted airways.
What are the 4 things that trigger asthma?
Sinus infections, allergies, pollen, breathing in some chemicals, and acid reflux can also trigger attacks. Physical exercise; some medicines; bad weather, such as thunderstorms or high humidity; breathing in cold, dry air; and some foods, food additives, and fragrances can also trigger an asthma attack.
Which of the following clinical manifestations are related to asthma?
The clinical manifestations of asthma include recurrent episodes of wheezing, chest tightness, cough and shortness of breath. The symptoms are often worse at night or on waking from sleep. Usually, they resolve spontaneously or with the inhalation of a reliever medication.
What causes the wheezing on expiration in asthma?
In asthma, the wheezing is due to narrowing of the lower airways, whereas, with malignancies, the obstruction is usually in the upper, more proximal airways. In rare cases, wheezing may be heard both during inspiration and expiration.
Why is it harder to breathe out with asthma?
In people with asthma, the airways are inflamed (swollen) and produce lots of thick mucus. Inflamed airways are also very sensitive, and things like dust or smoke can make the muscles around them tighten up. All these things can narrow the airways and make it harder for a person to breathe.
Is coffee good for asthma?
Official Answer. Coffee is not recommended for treating asthma even though it contains caffeine, a central nervous system stimulant and weak bronchodilator that also reduces respiratory muscle fatigue.
Which is the best treatment for vocal polyps?
A prospective cohort study by Wang et al indicated that in many patients, vocal fold steroid injections are a beneficial long-term treatment for vocal fold polyps and nodules.
How is vocal cord dysfunction related to asthma?
Patients with vocal cord dysfunction, now referred to as inducible laryngeal obstruction (ILO), have a predominantly inspiratory monophonic wheeze (different from the polyphonic wheeze in asthma), which is heard best over the laryngeal area in the neck. Patients with excessive dynamic airway collapse (EDAC),…
Is there surgery for vocal fold polyps ( VFP )?
Treatment options for VFNs and vocal fold polyps (VFPs) include invasive and noninvasive techniques, [ 4] although surgery for VFNs is rare (fewer than 5% of cases). In this patient with hoarseness, opposing nodules are clearly seen at the anterior one third of the true vocal cords.
How are polyps and nodules interrupt the vocal fold?
Both nodules and polyps may interrupt the vibratory patterns of the vocal fold by increasing the mass and reducing the pliability of the overlying cover (ie, cover/body theory of vocal fold vibration), as well as by impeding proper closure of the membranous folds throughout the glottic cycle.