What is isoniazid drug used for?
Isoniazid is an antibiotic that fights bacteria. Isoniazid is used to treat and to prevent tuberculosis (TB). You may need to take other TB medicines in combination with isoniazid.
What causes the neurotoxicity of isoniazid?
Isoniazid causes a depletion of pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (the active form of pyridoxine) by inhibiting pyridoxine phosphokinase. This inhibition leads to decreased gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis and acute toxicity that is manifested as seizures.
What is rifampin and isoniazid for?
Isoniazid and rifampin are antibiotics that fight bacteria. Isoniazid and rifampin is a combination medicine used to treat tuberculosis (TB).
Is isoniazid a chemotherapy drug?
The role of individual drugs in first-line chemotherapy of TB[31] is unique. Isoniazid is responsible for the initial kill of about 95% organisms during the first two days of treatment. Its bactericidal role is then replaced by rifampicin and pyrazinamide during the intensive phase.
Who should not use isoniazid?
liver problems. severe liver disease. severe renal impairment. severe nausea and vomiting that has lasted a long time.
What are the clinical signs and symptoms of isoniazid toxicity?
The first signs and symptoms of isoniazid toxicity may appear within 30 minutes to two hours after ingestion and may include nausea, vomiting, rash, fever, ataxia, slurring of speech, peripheral neuritis, dizziness and stupor. 3 These symptoms are usually followed by grand mal seizures and coma.
What vitamins should I take with isoniazid?
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) supplementation during isoniazid (INH) therapy is necessary in some patients to prevent the development of peripheral neuropathy.
Can isoniazid cause nerve damage?
Damage to nerves (peripheral neuropathy) may occur with isoniazid and cause numbness and tingling of the hands or feet (parethesia). Other rare side effects related to the nervous system include: Encephalopathy (inflammation of the brain) Optic neuritis (inflammation of the nerve coming from the eye)
Can rifampin cause liver damage?
Rifampin is associated with transient and asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase and bilirubin levels and is a well known cause of clinically apparent, acute liver disease that can be severe and even fatal.
How is isoniazid used in the treatment of LTBI?
Nine months of Isoniazid is a regimen that has been historically used for the treatment of LTBI. Clinical studies of this regimen have indicated it can be ~95% effective in preventing progression to active TB with full compliance in immunocompetent subjects.
Can a person with tuberculosis be treated with isoniazid?
In persons with isoniazid-sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, drug regimens based on isoniazid are usually effective when persons adhere to the prescribed treatment. However, in persons with isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, drug regimens based on isoniazid have a high rate of failure.
What are the different brand names of isoniazid?
Isoniazid is usually prescribed as a tablet which contains a combination of two, three or four medicines to treat TB. The brand names of these are Rifinah®, Rifater®, Rimstar® and Voractiv®.
What kind of preservative is used in isoniazid injection?
Isoniazid Injection USP provides 100 mg isoniazid per mL with 0.25% chlorobutanol (chloral derivative) as a preservative; the pH has been adjusted to 6 to 7 with sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid. At the time of manufacture, the air in the container is with sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid.