What is epoxidized palm oil?
Epoxidized palm oil (EPO) is environmentally friendly, biodegradable, and a relatively less costly processing aid. The curing properties, mechanical properties, abrasion resistance, and heat buildup properties of rubber composites with EPO were compared with those of the standard with aromatic oils.
What is the chemical structure of palm oil?
Palm oil contains approximately 50% saturated fatty acids, with 44% palmitic acid (C16:0), 5% stearic acid (C18:0), and trace amounts of myristic acid (C14:0). The unsaturated fatty acids are approximately 40% oleic acid (C18:1) and 10% polyunsaturated linoleic acid (C18:2) and linolenic acid (C18:3) [11]–[13].
How do you Epoxidize oil?
Epoxidized vegetable oils and epoxidized fatty acids can be obtained through the oxidation of vegetable oils and fatty acids with peroxide acids. Epoxidized vegetable oils are a bio-based class of plasticizers produced by the esterification of vegetable oils with polyols.
What are the chemical properties of palm oil?
In general, palm oil contains approximately 50% saturated fatty acids, 40% monounsaturated fatty acids, and 10% polyunsaturated fatty acids. Palm oil and its components are increasingly used in foods such as cooking oils, margarines, shortenings, and confectionery products.
What is the Colour of palm oil?
Palm oil is light yellow to orange-red in color depending on the amount of carotenoids present. Palm oil may be fractionated into two major fractions: a liquid oil (65–70%) palm olein and a solid fraction (30–35%) stearin. Palm oil is the second major edible oil used worldwide.
How is epoxidized soybean oil made?
Epoxidized Soybean Oil (ESO) is produced from one of the most readily available and lowest-cost vegetable oils in the world. ESO is produced through the oxidation of high iodine value unsaturated soybean oil with hydrogen peroxide and organic acids such as acetic acid or formic acid.
How do you make epoxidized soybean oil?
the preparation method of an epoxidised soybean oil is characterized in that its concrete preparation process is as follows: a certain amount of refined soybean oil and formic acid are dropped in the reactor, add solid acid catalyst, rising temperature to 40 ~ 60 oC drips 30% hydrogen peroxide, reaction 2 ~ 6 h; …
What is the viscosity of palm oil?
0.92
Approximate Viscosities of Some Common Liquids
| Liquid | Specific Gravity @ 16°C | Absolute Viscosity cP |
|---|---|---|
| Palm Oil | 0.92 | 43 |
| Paraffin Emulsion | 1.2 | 3000 |
| Peanut Oil | 0.92 | 38 |
| Pectin | 300 |
What are the features of palm oil?
The unrefined palm oil is red in color, and contains triglycerides with approxi- mately 50% saturated fatty acids (mainly palmitic acid), 40% monounsaturated and 10% polyunsaturated fatty acids, along with carotenoids (b carotene), vitamin E, and b-sistosterol [1].
What makes palm oil Red?
Palm oil is derived from the fruit of the oil palm tree, primarily the African oil palm Elaeis guineensis. In its natural, unprocessed state, palm oil is dark red in color due to a high content of carotenoids, including β-carotene (a vitamin A precursor that gives carrots their color) and lycopene.
What is the pH of palm oil?
Broader Environmental Impacts of Oil-Palm Plantations Palm-oil mill effluent is a colloidal suspension of water, oil, grease, and solids: it is fairly acidic (pH 4–5) and is typically discharged hot (80–90 °C) (Ahmad et al., 2005).
How is oleic acid used to improve epoxidized palm oil?
Epoxidized palm oil (EPO) was reacted with oleic acid in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) as catalyst to enhance the lubrication properties. The product of ring opening process which is palm oil hydroxy oleate, (POHO) was screened for low-temperature property through determination of pour point.
Which is an example of an epoxidized oil?
Acrylated epoxidized oils (Figure 4.4) are synthesized from the reaction of acrylic acid with epoxidized triglycerides. Epoxidized triglycerides can be found in natural oils, such as vernonia plant oil, or can be synthesized from more common unsaturated oils, such as soybean oil or linseed oil, by a standard epoxidation reaction [37].
How is epoxy and acrylic acid related in soybean oil?
However, epoxidized oleic methyl ester was found to display second-order dependence on both epoxy and acrylic acid concentrations [47]. Although the reaction of epoxidized soybean oil with acrylic acid is partially catalyzed by the acrylic acid, the use of additional catalysts is common.
How does epoxy resin affect the flexural properties?
In general, the tensile and flexural properties of epoxy resin/EPO decreased when the amount of EPO increased.