What does the Parabrachial nucleus do?
The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) has long been recognized as a sensory relay receiving an array of interoceptive and exteroceptive inputs relevant to taste and ingestive behavior, pain, and multiple aspects of autonomic control, including respiration, blood pressure, water balance, and thermoregulation.
What are Parabrachial nuclei?
The parabrachial nuclei, also known as the parabrachial complex, are a group of nuclei in the dorsolateral pons that surrounds the superior cerebellar peduncle as it enters the brainstem from the cerebellum. They are named from the Latin term for the superior cerebellar peduncle, the brachium conjunctivum.
What is the NTS in the brain?
The nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) is the principal visceral sensory nucleus in the brain and comprises neurochemically and biophysically distinct neurons located in the dorsomedial medulla oblongata.
Where is Parabrachial nucleus?
dorsolateral pons
The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) is a brain structure located in the dorsolateral pons that surrounds the superior cerebellar peduncle (Figure 1).
What is the reticular activating system?
The reticular activating system (RAS) is a network of neurons located in the brain stem that project anteriorly to the hypothalamus to mediate behavior, as well as both posteriorly to the thalamus and directly to the cortex for activation of awake, desynchronized cortical EEG patterns.
What is the dorsal raphe nucleus?
The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is a major source of neuromodulators in the central nervous system, and is the largest of the serotonergic nuclei, containing approximately a third of all serotonergic neurons (5-HT neurons) in the brain (Hornung, 2010).
What is NTS respiratory?
The nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) relays information from primary visceral receptors to the central nervous system and is critically involved in the reflex control of autonomic functions.
What does nucleus tractus Solitarius do?
Nucleus tractus solitarius is involved in generating and synchronizing the peristaltic activity of the upper gastrointestinal tract during swallowing. The rhythmic release of inhibitory (GABA) and excitatory (glutamate) neurotransmitters is responsible for the sequential motor pattern seen in peristalsis.
What is the nucleus Ambiguus made of?
[5] The nucleus ambiguus arises from the basal plate motor neuroblasts, which also gives rise to dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, the inferior salivatory nucleus of the glossopharyngeal nerve, and hypoglossal nucleus.
What is the purpose of the reticular activating system?
The reticular activating system’s fundamental role is regulating arousal and sleepâwake transitions. The ascending reticular activating system projects to the intralaminar nuclei of the thalami, which projects diffusely to the cerebral cortex.