What does barley yellow dwarf virus do?
BYDV and CYDV infection decreases grain yield and also causes shrivelled grain. These viruses can cause serious problems in cereal crops in the southern and south-west agricultural areas (more than 500mm of rain).
How is barley yellow dwarf virus transmitted?
BYDV is transmitted by more than 20 aphid species. The most important are the oat bird-cherry aphid, the corn leaf aphid, the English grain aphid and the green bug. Aphids acquire BYDV by feeding on infected plants and transmit the virus in subsequent feedings.
How do you keep barley from getting yellow dwarfs?
Managing barley yellow dwarf virus
- Genetic resistance. Select small grain cultivars with documented resistance or tolerance for BYDV.
- Timely seeding. Plant winter wheat as late as practical in fall to avoid potential aphid activity in early fall as summer crops and grasses mature.
- Cultural management.
What is dwarfing disease in plants?
Like many plant diseases that are caused by viruses, barley yellow dwarf (BYD) is named for an economically important host (barley) and the typical symptoms (yellowing, dwarfing) that develop when the host is infected with the virus.
How do you control maize streak virus?
Disease control: Disease avoidance can be practised by only planting maize during the early season when viral inoculum loads are lowest. Leafhopper vectors can also be controlled with insecticides such as carbofuran.
What is cereal disease?
The diseases causing the most damage are yellow rust, bunt of wheat, leaf spot of oats, leaf stripe of barley, take-all, eyespot, mildew and manganese deficiency disease; but even these vary in intensity from season to season and in some years others are of equal importance.
What does Bydv look like?
The earliest symptoms are a slight discolouration of the youngest leaves, barley turns golden-yellow, wheat pale yellow and oats purple-red. PLants grow slowly and the discolouration develops further. Late in the season plants are clearly stunted, show extensive tillering, delay in heading and ripening.
What is a yellow dwarf planet?
A yellow dwarf is a star belonging to the main sequence of spectral type G and weighing between 0.7 and 1 times the solar mass. The star then gets rid of its outer layers and center contracts into a white dwarf the size of a planet. Among the yellow dwarf found, Alpha Centauri A, Tau Ceti, and 51 Pegasi.
Why is my barley yellow?
The last leaf of the crop, often referred to as the flag leaf, may become prominently discolored and retain an upright posture. When infection takes place at early growth stages, plants often become severely stunted and produce heads of reduced size. Infected barley plants frequently become golden yellow in color.
How do I manage Bydv?
BYDV – how should it be managed?
- Remove the green bridge.
- Direct drill to increase beneficial predators.
- Drill late to avoid the majority of aphid migrations.
- Use higher seed rate to increase plant compensation and reduce spread.
- Use the T-sum to calculate secondary and tertiary spread.
What causes maize streak virus?
8.2. Maize streak virus disease is caused by a geminivirus and is widespread throughout the region. The virus is transmitted by the insect leafhopper Cicadulina spp. —commonly found in fields of late-planted maize—to varieties that are susceptible to the disease.