What causes oxidative stress in diabetes?
Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the development of diabetes complications, both microvascular and cardiovascular. The metabolic abnormalities of diabetes cause mitochondrial superoxide overproduction in endothelial cells of both large and small vessels, and also in the myocardium.
What is streptozotocin induced diabetes?
Diabetes is induced by streptozotocin (STZ), a glucosamine–nitrosourea compound derived from Streptomyces achromogenes that is used clinically as a chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of pancreatic β cell carcinoma. STZ damages pancreatic β cells, resulting in hypoinsulinemia and hyperglycemia.
How does hyperglycemia cause oxidative stress?
It is known that besides its osmotic effects on cells, hyperglycemia activates DAG formation, together with an activation of PKC and NADPH-oxidase, which leads to the production of ROS and oxidative stress in diabetes.
Does glucose cause oxidative stress?
β cells and endothelium are insulin-independent tissues. Glucose and FFA overload in these cells and cause oxidative stress, which in turn induces a dysfunction of both β cells and endothelium.
Can Type 2 diabetes cause oxidative stress?
Chronic hyperglycaemia is seen as a principal factor in promoting the development of micro-vascular and macro-vascular complications in type 2 diabetes and hyperglycaemia is known to be responsible for the damage of DNA, lipids and proteins and the degree of damage has been linked to the degree of hyperglycaemic- …
How does streptozotocin induce diabetes mechanism?
Following its uptake into the beta cells, streptozotocin is split into its glucose and methylnitrosourea moiety. Owing to its alkylating properties, the latter modifies biological macromolecules, fragments DNA and destroys the beta cells, causing a state of insulin-dependent diabetes.
What is the difference between alloxan and streptozotocin?
Streptozotocin is more specific to beta cells rather than alloxan. strptozotocin has high inductive capacity than alloxan and its less toxic to the pancreas compared to alloxan . It is also more specific to the pancreas while alloxan in addition to being specific to the pancreas also appears toxic to some other organs.
What causes hyperglycemia biochemistry?
Hyperglycemia may be caused by: diabetes, various (non-diabetic) endocrine disorders (insulin resistance and thyroid, adrenal, pancreatic, and pituitary disorders), sepsis and certain infections, intracranial diseases (e.g. encephalitis, brain tumors (especially if near the pituitary gland), brain haemorrhages, and …
Can oxidative stress cause type 2 diabetes?
Oxidative stress, through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), has been proposed as the root cause underlying the development of insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
What is oxidative stress in the body?
Abstract. Oxidative stress is a phenomenon caused by an imbalance between production and accumulation of oxygen reactive species (ROS) in cells and tissues and the ability of a biological system to detoxify these reactive products.