What are muscle regulatory factors?
The Myogenic Regulatory Factors (MRFs) Myf5, MyoD, myogenin and MRF4 are members of the basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors that control the determination and differentiation of skeletal muscle cells during embryogenesis and postnatal myogenesis.
What are regulatory factors?
Interferon regulatory factors (IRF) are proteins which regulate transcription of interferons (see regulation of gene expression). Some viruses have evolved defense mechanisms that regulate and interfere with IRF functions to escape the host immune system.
What is muscle differentiation?
Differentiation of skeletal muscle is a highly controlled, multistep process, during which single muscle cells initially freely divide and then align and fuse to form multinucleated myotubes. This process of muscle differentiation in vivo is governed by a complex interplay of a wide range of growth and trophic factors.
What are Myotubes?
Medical Definition of myotube : a developmental stage of a muscle fiber composed of a syncytium formed by fusion of myoblasts.
What is the MyoD gene?
Entrez Gene Summary for MYOD1 Gene This gene encodes a nuclear protein that belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors and the myogenic factors subfamily. It regulates muscle cell differentiation by inducing cell cycle arrest, a prerequisite for myogenic initiation.
How does MyoD control gene expression?
2 Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins The MyoD family members activate the expression of muscle-specific genes in skeletal muscle cells by binding to a CAXXTG sequence, which is known as the E-box. Gel mobility shift assay indicates that this cardiac nuclear protein can specifically bind to the E-box element.
What is regulatory DNA?
DNA regulatory sequences do not encode a product, and yet without them, a cell could not coordinate the expression of the hundreds of thousands of genes in its nucleus, select only certain genes for expression, and activate or repress them in response to precise internal or external signals.
What is the region of DNA?
As we have noted, a gene is a region(s) of a larger DNA molecule. Part of the gene’s sequence is known as its regulatory region; this region of DNA is used (as part of a larger system involving the products of other genes) to specify when, where, and how much the gene is “expressed”.
What is myogenic heart?
The myogenic heart is the characteristics of vertebrates where continuous rhythmic contraction occurs. The myogenic heart is the intrinsic property of the cardiac muscles. Each contraction of the heart muscle regulates the flow of blood in the form of a pulse or heart rate.
Where do myoblasts come from?
A myoblast is a type of embryonic progenitor cell that differentiates to form muscle cells. Skeletal muscle fibers are made when myoblasts fuse together, so muscle fibers have multiple nuclei. The fusion of myoblasts is specific to skeletal muscle (e.g., biceps brachii), not cardiac or smooth muscle.