What nerves are in the ear canal?
The ear is innervated by several sensory nerves. The auricle is affected by cranial nerves V, VII, X, C2, and C3; the external auditory meatus and canal by cranial nerves V, VII, and X; the tympanic membrane by cranial nerves VII, IX, and X; and the middle ear by cranial nerves V, VII, and IX.
What nerve Innervates middle ear?
Two cranial nerves provide motor branches to the muscles of the middle ear. Branches of the trigeminal nerve named for their respective muscles innervate the tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini muscles within the tympanic cavity.
Which nerves is responsible for the sensory innervation of the inner surface of the tympanic membrane?
The auriculotemporal nerve (branch of CN V3) and the vagus nerve (CN X) provide general sensory innervation to the meatal side of tympanic membrane.
What is Arnold nerve?
Arnold’s nerve is the remnant of the embryonic nerve that supplies the first branchial arch, which includes the external acoustic meatus, middle ear and auditory tube.
Is tympanic membrane in external or middle ear?
Tympanic membrane (eardrum). The tympanic membrane divides the external ear from the middle ear. Middle ear (tympanic cavity), consisting of: Ossicles.
What Innervates tympanic nerve?
The tympanic nerve contains both sensory and parasympathetic axons: Sensory axons innervate the middle ear including the internal surface of the tympanic membrane. Parasympathetic axons continue as the lesser petrosal nerve and innervate the postganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the otic ganglion.
What is the tympanic membrane connected to?
The tympanic membrane is attached to the bone by a fibrocartilaginous ring. For most of its circumference the membrane is attached in the tympanic sulcus to the tympanic element of the petrous part of the temporal bone.
What are the three layers of the tympanic membrane?
The drum membrane has three layers: the outer layer, continuous with the skin on the external canal; the inner layer, continuous with the mucous membrane lining the middle ear; and, between the two, a layer of radial and circular fibres that give the membrane its tension and stiffness.
What is vagal nerve response?
The vagal response is a series of unpleasant symptoms that occur when the vagus nerve is stimulated. Often, this response is triggered by certain things like stress, pain, and fear. Symptoms of the vagal response include dizziness, nausea, ringing ears, and sweating.
What is Arnold cough reflex?
The Arnold nerve reflex describes a cough stimulated by the auricular branch of the vagus nerve, which supplies the middle aspect of the ear and ear canal. Some people (more women than men) can have a hypersensitivity cough reflex.