What is triple mode redundancy?
In computing, triple modular redundancy, sometimes called triple-mode redundancy, (TMR) is a fault-tolerant form of N-modular redundancy, in which three systems perform a process and that result is processed by a majority-voting system to produce a single output.
What purpose is achieved by means of physical triple Modular redundancy?
The basic purpose of Triple Modular Redundancy is to mask the errors exist in the functional unit of the system. So, it can be considered as the passive hardware redundancy technique to achieve the reliability of the system. The majority logic gate also known as voting logic is composed of simple AND-OR circuit.
What is n-Modular redundancy?
N-Modular redundancy is an approach to increasing the reliability of hardware systems constructed from component devices that are subject to failure. There are a number of well-known reliability implications of the hardware approach that result from assuming independent failures of the hardware components.
What is TMR in FPGA?
The Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) technology allows protection of the functionality of FPGAs against single event upsets (SEUs). It permanently checks the configuration memory while the FPGA is operating, and corrects upset configuration bits when necessary.
What is redundant dual processor?
The processor can be implemented with a second, redundant copy of most of the logic. This second core shares the input pins and the cache RAMs of the master core, so only one set of cache RAMs is required. The master core drives the output pins and the cache RAMs.
How does redundancy improve reliability?
Redundancy is a common approach to improve the reliability and availability of a system. Adding redundancy increases the cost and complexity of a system design and with the high reliability of modern electrical and mechanical components, many applications do not need redundancy in order to be successful.
What is reliability redundancy?
Redundancy is used in system design with the purpose of increasing reliability. Redundancy may be defined as the provision of more than one means of performing a required function. In a redundant system, more than the minimum number of equipment items necessary to perform the function is available.
Which is the best definition of triple modular redundancy?
A majority gate using 4 NAND gates. In computing, triple modular redundancy, sometimes called triple-mode redundancy, (TMR) is a fault-tolerant form of N-modular redundancy, in which three systems perform a process and that result is processed by a majority-voting system to produce a single output.
Why does ECC memory use triple modular redundancy?
Some ECC memory uses triple modular redundancy hardware (rather than the more common Hamming code ), because triple modular redundancy hardware is faster than Hamming error correction software. Some communication systems use N-modular redundancy as a simple form of forward error correction.
When was modular redundancy first used in computers?
Modular redundancy is a basic concept, dating to antiquity, while the first use of TMR in a computer was the Czechoslovak computer SAPO, in the 1950s.
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