What is the relationship between electron affinity and atomic number?
An increase in atomic size leads to a decrease in electron affinity because the incoming electron is added further away from the nucleus, i.e. on a higher energy level.
How does electron affinity relate to the periodic table?
Electron affinity generally increases across a period in the periodic table and sometimes decreases down a group. The chemical rationale for changes in electron affinity across the periodic table is the increased effective nuclear charge across a period and up a group.
What is the electron affinity trend?
What is the trend for electron affinity? Electron affinity increases upward across periods of a periodic table for the groups and from left to right, because the electrons added to the energy levels get closer to the nucleus, making the nucleus and its electrons more attractive.
What is the relationship between electron affinity and atomic radius and why?
Electron affinity increases from left to right within a period. This is caused by the decrease in atomic radius. Electron affinity decreases from top to bottom within a group. This is caused by the increase in atomic radius.
Why is electron affinity positive?
Unlike ionization energies, which are always positive for a neutral atom because energy is required to remove an electron, electron affinities can be negative (energy is released when an electron is added), positive (energy must be added to the system to produce an anion), or zero (the process is energetically neutral) …
How does electron affinity compare?
A more negative electron affinity corresponds to a greater attraction for an electron. (An unbound electron has an energy of zero.) As with ionization energy, there are two rules that govern the periodic trends of electron affinities: Electron affinity becomes less negative down a group.
What is the difference between atomic radius and atomic number?
The atomic number is the amount of protons present in the atom. Because of that, we can say that the atomic number represents the positive charge of the atom. But, the Atomic radius becomes larger as you move down the periodic table in a group or column because it increases the number of energy levels.
What is the relationship between atomic radius and atomic number?
As the atomic number of an element increases, so does the size of its nucleus and the number of electrons around it. The bigger the atomic number, the larger the atom’s radius.
Is electron affinity same as electron gain enthalpy?
The key difference between electron affinity and electron gain enthalpy is that electron affinity refers to the tendency of an isolated atom to obtain an electron, whereas electron gain enthalpy is the energy released when an isolated neutral atom gains one extra electron.
How does electron affinity depend on atomic size and nuclear charge?
As atomic number increases, more protons are added to the nucleus. More number of protons in the nucleus will mean more positive charge to attract the electrons, and hence, as nuclear charge increases, electron affinity increases.
How do you know if electron affinity is positive or negative?