What is the process of polypeptide synthesis called?
This process is called protein synthesis, and it actually consists of two processes — transcription and translation. In eukaryotic cells, transcription takes place in the nucleus.
What is the translation process in protein synthesis?
Translation is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis. The genetic code describes the relationship between the sequence of base pairs in a gene and the corresponding amino acid sequence that it encodes.
How are polypeptides produced by translation?
The steps in translation are: The ribosome binds to mRNA at a specific area. The ribosome continues until it hits a stop sequence, then it releases the polypeptide and the mRNA. The polypeptide forms into its native shape and starts acting as a functional protein in the cell.
What is another name for the synthesis of polypeptide chains?
Making a Polypeptide Chain Actually, the process called dehydration synthesis is not that difficult to understand. Dehydration synthesis involves the removal of a water molecule (H2O) from the two amino acids that are to be linked together.
How does translation lead to the production of a polypeptide?
How does translation lead to the production of a polypeptide? In translation, messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded in the ribosome decoding center to produce a specific amino acid chain, or polypeptide. The polypeptide later folds into an active protein and performs its functions in the cell. Click to see full answer.
How are transcription and translation related to protein synthesis?
Transcription involves the transfer of genetic information from DNA into an RNA molecule while translation involves the transfer of the information in the RNA to the synthesis of a protein Evidence from the Study of Metabolic Defects The relationship between genes and proteins was first proposed in 1909 by an English physician Archibald Garrod
Where does DNA translation occur in the cell?
DNA translation is the term used to describe the process of protein synthesis by ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum. tRNAs carry particular amino acids, which are linked together by the ribosome. In this process, the mRNA is decoded to produce a specific amino acid chain, known as a polypeptide.
How is the Assembly of a polypeptide initiated?
Protein Assembly The process of assembling a polypeptide chain based on an mRNA message involves three stages—initiation, elongation, and termination. Synthesis is initiated by the binding of a tRNA containing the amino acid methionine to the small ri-bosomal subunit.