What is environmental policy integration?
The concept of EPI refers to the process of integrating environmental objectives into non-environmental policy areas, such as energy, agriculture and transport, rather than leaving them to be pursued solely through purely environmental policy practices. …
What are policy theories?
policy-making. The theoretical approaches include elite theory, group theory, political systems theory and. institutionalism, policy output analysis, incremental theory and rational-choice theory which are primarily. concerned with public policy-making as a process.
What is integrated policy approach?
Integrated policy-making refers to both horizontal sectoral integration (between different departments and/or professions in public authorities) and vertical inter-governmental integration in policy-making (between different tiers of government), or combinations of both.
Who found policy of integration?
The concept of ‘policy integration’ was first used by Arild Underdal (1980) in the context of integrated marine policy. He argues that an ‘integrated policy’ is one in which the ‘constituent elements are brought together and made subject to a single, unifying conception’ (ibid.: 159).
What is integrated environmental?
Environmental integration means making sure that environmental concerns are fully considered in the decisions and activities of other sectors.
What is policy implementation theory?
Policy implementation involves translating the goals and objectives of a policy into an action. Some practical strategies are suggested to overcome implementation performance and concludes with the proposition that implementation failure is also due to lack of theoretical sophistication.
What are the possible aspects of policy integration?
Two methods for achieving integration have been suggested: (1) direct methods, such as specific policy directives for government agencies to follow; and (2) indirect methods, such as either intellectual strategies that seek policy integration through initiating research, training, and socialization, aiming at the …
What is a integrated regime?
integrated. With negative spillovers, uncoordinated action produces little collective welfare, because cooperation in one issue area undermines cooperation in another issue area. By integrating regimes, states coordinate policies in both issue areas simultaneously. and mitigate negative spillovers.
Who integrated India into one nation?
Through this process, Patel obtained the unification of 222 states in the Kathiawar peninsula of his native Gujarat into the princely union of Saurashtra in January 1948, with six more states joining the union the following year.
What is integration in environmental management?
Integrated environmental management (IEM) is a holistic approach to management that has emerged in many countries to address complex land and water management problems. The purpose of IEM is to integrate management activities through stakeholder committees composed of government and nongovernment representatives.
What are IEM tools?
IEM provides the overarching framework for the integration of environmental assessment and management principles into environmental decision-making. It includes the use of several environmental assessment and management tools that are appropriate for the various levels of decision-making.