What do PAS domains do?
PAS domains are newly recognized signaling domains that are widely distributed in proteins from members of the Archaea and Bacteria and from fungi, plants, insects, and vertebrates. They function as input modules in proteins that sense oxygen, redox potential, light, and some other stimuli.
What is a PAS protein?
A Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain is a protein domain found in all kingdoms of life. Generally, the PAS domain acts as a molecular sensor, whereby small molecules and other proteins associate via binding of the PAS domain.
What is the structure of PAS?
The typical PAS fold consists of the five-stranded antiparallel β-sheet and four α-helices (β2α4β3: Aβ, Bβ, Cα, Dα, Eα, Fα, Gβ, Hβ, and Iβ; Figure 1). The core is flanked by amphiphatic α-helices (A’α, Jα) and mediates chromophore binding and signal transduction.
What is BMAL1 gene?
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 (ARNTL) or Brain and Muscle ARNT-Like 1 (BMAL1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the Bmal1 gene, also known as ARNTL, MOP3, and, less commonly, BHLHE5, BMAL, BMAL1C, JAP3, PASD3, and TIC.
What do clock and BMAL1 do?
The mammalian circadian clock relies on the master genes CLOCK and BMAL1 to drive rhythmic gene expression and regulate biological functions under circadian control. Here we show that rhythmic CLOCK:BMAL1 DNA binding promotes rhythmic chromatin opening.
Where is BMAL1 found?
pineal gland
Bmal1 is preferentially maintained in the pineal gland of old killifish brain. The master circadian clock oscillator is located in the SCN in the mammalian brain to control circadian physiology (Yamazaki et al., 2000; Yoo et al., 2004).
Is BMAL1 a transcription factor?
CLOCK:BMAL1 promotes the rhythmic removal of nucleosomes at its DNA-binding sites. This protein is a circadian transcription factor, and its gene is a direct CLOCK:BMAL1 target. Like CLOCK:BMAL1, REV-ERBα rhythmically binds to DNA, with higher binding at the end of the light phase (Feng et al.
Can circadian clocks operate without gene transcription?
Studies in cyanobacteria, however, changed our view of the clock mechanism, since it was found by Kondo and colleagues that these single-cell organisms could maintain accurate 24-hour timing in the absence of transcription, i.e. there was no requirement for a transcription-translation autoregulatory feedback loop for …
Is BMAL1 a clock gene?
CLOCK:BMAL1 promotes the rhythmic removal of nucleosomes at its DNA-binding sites. This protein is a circadian transcription factor, and its gene is a direct CLOCK:BMAL1 target. Like CLOCK:BMAL1, REV-ERBα rhythmically binds to DNA, with higher binding at the end of the light phase (Feng et al. 2011; Bugge et al.
What does BMAL1 stand for?
Abstract. Brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1; also known as MOP3 or Arnt3) is a transcription factor known to regulate circadian rhythm.
What are clock controlled genes?
Clock-controlled genes are linked to the circadian oscillator. Circadian output genes are linked to the oscillator by E boxes, RORE, and/or D-elements. Per1 inhibits the activity of the Clock (C) or Npas2 (N) and Bmal1 (B) heterodimers.