Why can dendritic cells be used for cancer therapy?
Since the mid-1990s, dendritic cells have been used in clinical trials as cellular mediators for therapeutic vaccination of patients with cancer. Dendritic cell-based immunotherapy is safe and can induce antitumour immunity, even in patients with advanced disease.
Do dendritic cells express CD80?
Mature dendritic cells (mDCs) express high levels of the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, which provide the signal that is required for triggering T cell activation, expansion and differentiation via interaction with CD28 (6).
Can dendritic cells Phagocytose cancer cells?
An alternative is the direct use of DC-mediated antitumor vaccine. In vitro-generated DCs can phagocytose apoptotic tumor cells when culturing DCs with apoptotic tumor cells. These DC with phagocytosis of apoptotic tumor cells can thus present tumor antigens to T cells and induce antitumor immunity.
What do dendritic cells detect?
Dendritic cells detect PAMPS and DAMPs through several classes of surface and intracellular receptors called pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). These classes include the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and Toll-like receptors (TLRs).
What do dendritic cells target?
Dendritic cells (DCs) facilitate cross talk between the innate and adaptive immune system. They sense and phagocytose invading pathogens, and are not only capable of activating naïve T cells, but can also determine the polarization of T cell responses into different effector subtypes.
What is dendritic cell based immunotherapy?
Immunotherapy using dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccination is an approved approach for harnessing the potential of a patient’s own immune system to eliminate tumor cells in metastatic hormone-refractory cancer.
What are CD80 cells?
Reverse Costimulation Through CD80 (B7-1) CD80 is a costimulatory molecule known for its role in T-cell activation and also in regulating the activity of normal and malignant B cells. Surface CD80 is expressed transiently on activated B cells, macrophages, and DCs.
What is CD80 a marker for?
CD80 has a crucial role in modulatating T-cell immune function as a checkpoint protein at the immunological synapse. CD80 is the ligand for the proteins CD28 (for autoregulation and intercellular association) and CTLA-4 (for attenuation of regulation and cellular disassociation) found on the surface of T-cells.
What is dendritic cells?
A special type of immune cell that is found in tissues, such as the skin, and boosts immune responses by showing antigens on its surface to other cells of the immune system. A dendritic cell is a type of phagocyte and a type of antigen-presenting cell (APC).
What receptors do dendritic cells express?
Antigen presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages and dendritic cells express CLRs that serve as pattern recognition receptor (PRRs) and bind to PAMPs or self-antigen released from dead cells [37].