What is the pathophysiology of congestive cardiac failure?
Congestive heart failure is a syndrome that can be caused by a variety of abnormalities, including pressure and volume overload, loss of muscle, primary muscle disease or excessive peripheral demands such as high output failure. In the usual form of heart failure, the heart muscle has reduced contractility.
What is epidemiology of congestive heart failure?
The overall prevalence of heart failure is 1 to 2% in middle-aged and older adults, reaches 2 to 3% in patients older than age 65 years, and is 5 to 10% in patients beyond age 75 years.
What causes congestive heart failure in elderly?
It is the number one reason older people are hospitalized. Unhealthy lifestyle factors (e.g., smoking, poor diet, excess alcohol consumption, physical inactivity) and certain medical conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, chronic kidney disease and obesity are also associated with an elevated risk for HF.
What is the most important etiological factor of CHF?
Coronary heart disease and hypertension are the most common etiologies of CHF in older adults, and they often coexist.
What are the risk factors for heart failure?
What are the risk factors for heart failure?
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) (the most common type of heart disease) and heart attacks.
- Diabetes.
- High blood pressure.
- Obesity.
- Other Conditions Related to Heart Disease.
- Valvular Heart Disease.
What is the main cause of heart failure?
Coronary artery disease is the most common form of heart disease and the most common cause of heart failure. The disease results from the buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries, which reduces blood flow and can lead to heart attack. A heart attack occurs suddenly when a coronary artery becomes completely blocked.
What causes fluid around heart in elderly?
Causes of pericardial effusion may include: Autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus. Cancer of the heart or pericardium. Spread of cancer (metastasis), particularly lung cancer, breast cancer or Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
Which of the following etiological factor is responsible for the development of congestive heart failure?
High blood pressure (hypertension or HBP) Uncontrolled HBP is a major risk factor for developing heart failure. When pressure in the blood vessels is too high, the heart must pump harder than normal to keep the blood circulating.
Is one of the etiological factor of congestive cardiac failure?
Predisposing etiological causes include structural alterations, congenital or acquired, where there is a disorder of the peripheral vessels, coronary circulation, pericardium, myocardium, endocardium or cardiac valves that produces alterations in the normal physiology of the heart.
What causes congestive heart failure in older adults?
Coronary heart disease and hypertension are the most common etiologies of CHF in older adults, and they often coexist.
Which is the most common etiology of CHF?
When does heart failure become a geriatric syndrome?
To a large extent, heart failure is a geriatric syndrome in much the same way that dementia, falls, and frailty are geriatric syndromes. The incidence and prevalence of heart failure increase strikingly with age and make heart failure the most common reason for hospitalization among older adults.
Why is CHF a major cause of chronic disability?
CHF is also a major cause of chronic disability, and annual expenditures for CHF currently exceed $10 billion. In addition, both the incidence and prevalence of CHF are increasing, largely as a result of the aging of the population.