What is the pathogenesis of Vibrio cholerae?
In the course of cholera pathogenesis, V. cholerae expresses a transcriptional activator ToxT, which subsequently transactivates expressions of two crucial virulence factors: toxin-coregulated pilus and cholera toxin (CT). These factors are responsible for intestinal colonization of V.
What type of pathogen is Vibrio cholerae?
The causative agent of cholera, the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae, is a facultative pathogen that has both human and environmental stages in its life cycle9,10.
What is the chain of infection for cholera?
The six links include: the infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host. The way to stop germs from spreading is by interrupting this chain at any link.
How does the immune system response to Vibrio cholerae?
It is believed that the immune response to cholera is initiated by antigen presentation in the Peyer’s patches of the gastrointestinal mucosa, followed by migration of the stimulated antigen-specific B cells to regional lymph nodes and differentiation of these cells into specific antibody-secreting cells (28).
What are the characteristics of Vibrio cholerae?
CHARACTERISTICS: Vibrio cholerae is a gram negative, non-spore forming, curved rod that is oxidase positive(1,2,3). It is very motile and has a single polar flagellum(1). The bacterium is 1- 3 µm by 0.5-0.8 µm, is a facultative anaerobe and is part of the Vibronaceae family(1,3).
What is the life cycle of Vibrio cholerae?
The life cycle of Vibrio cholerae allows the bacterium to live for years in an aquatic environment, its natural reservoir, where it survives adherent to crustaceans, algae and zooplankton. Under the appropriate environmental conditions, V. Cholerae will multiply and reinitiate the free life cycle.
What is the cell morphology of Vibrio cholerae?
Vibrio cholerae, the pathogenic bacterium responsible for the diarrheal disease cholera, adopts a characteristic “comma”-shaped cell morphology.
What is Vibrio cholerae known for?
A bacterium called Vibrio cholerae causes cholera infection. The deadly effects of the disease are the result of a toxin the bacteria produces in the small intestine. The toxin causes the body to secrete enormous amounts of water, leading to diarrhea and a rapid loss of fluids and salts (electrolytes).
What is the route of cholera?
The cholera bacteria is passed through feces (poop). It is spread by eating or drinking food or water contaminated by the feces (poop) of an infected person. This occurs more often in underdeveloped countries lacking proper water supplies and sewage disposal.
Which pathogens causes cholera?
Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with Vibrio cholerae bacteria. People can get sick when they swallow food or water contaminated with cholera bacteria. The infection is often mild or without symptoms, but can sometimes be severe and life-threatening.
What is the most important virulence factor of Vibrio cholerae?
Cholera toxin
Cholera toxin is the main virulence factor of V. cholerae, which is composed of one A subunit (toxic domain) and five B subunits (receptor-binding domain).
What foods are associated with Vibrio cholerae?
What foods are commonly linked to Vibrio? Oysters: Oysters feed by filtering water. As oysters feed, Vibrio, norovirus, and other germs can concentrate in them. Other shellfish: Oysters aren’t the only shellfish that can carry Vibrio and other germs. Fish: Although Vibrio infections from fish aren’t as common as infections from shellfish, they do happen from time to time.
What does Vibrio cholerae need to survive?
They grow in temperatures around 37°C and can survive in conditions as low as 25°C. V. cholerae generally require saltwater to grow properly, but a glucose medium is usually enough for their energy needs. Figure 1. This scanning electron micrograph depicts a Vibrio cholerae bacterium [22371 X].
What is the life cycle of cholera?
Vibrio cholera , the bacterium that causes cholera has two life cycles: one in the environment and one in humans. Vibrio cholera, the bacterium that causes cholera has two life cycles: one in the environment and one in humans. Cholera bacteria occur naturally in coastal waters.
What are characteristics of Vibrio (V) cholerae?
Vibrio cholerae. Characteristics. V. cholerae is a highly motile, comma shaped, halophilic, gram-negative rod. Initial isolates are slightly curved, whereas they can Pathogenicity. Cholera Illness and Symptoms. Disease Occurrence. Preventive Measures.