What is public participation process?
Public participation can be any process that directly engages the public in decision-making and gives full consideration to public input in making that decision. Rather, the public consists of a range of stakeholders holding an array of views and concerns on an issue.
What are the four types of public participation?
Often termed as “Arnstein’s ladder of citizen participation “, these are broadly categorized as:
- Citizen Power: Citizen Control, Delegated Power, Partnership.
- Tokenism: Placation, Consultation, Informing.
- Non-participation: Therapy, Manipulation.
What is the process of participation?
Participatory Processes (PP) are specific methods employed to achieve active participation by all members of a group in a decision making process. The approach can be used for most issues and should give equal opportunities for everybody involved.
What are public participation strategies?
The correct choice of the public participation technique or strategy in many respects identifies the success of the activity. A strategy is a general action plan made to reach an aim based on future forecasts. Strategies focus more on the way public participation is embedded in the decision making process.
What are the essential elements of public participation?
Monitoring, Evaluation, and Follow-up: Monitoring, evaluation, and follow-up are presented in the literature as essential elements of public participation (Praxis 1988; Sterne and Zagon 1997; Anon 1998; CSA 2002; Connor 2001; Anon 2002; and others).
What are the levels of public participation?
Manipulation. This is the bottom rung of the ladder of citizens’ participation and is therefore the lowest form of public participation and might therefore also be called “non-participation”.
What are the three types of participation?
Broadly speaking, there are three types of participation:
- Conventional participation: Activities that we expect of good citizens.
- Unconventional participation: Activities that are legal but often considered inappropriate.
- Illegal participation: activities that break the law.
What are the three levels of participation?
The Hierarchy of Participation: Levels, Techniques and Examples
- Level 1 Information. Telling people about your project or service and decisions.
- Level 2 Consultation. Asking for public opinions and ideas, possibly making adjustments and decisions according to their feedback.
- Level 3 Collaboration.
- Level 4 Empowerment.
What are the typologies of participation?
Sarah White distinguishes four forms of participation: nominal, instrumental, representative and transformative.
What do you mean by public participation process?
What is public participation? Public participation can be any process that directly engages the public in decision-making and gives full consideration to public input in making that decision. Public participation is a process, not a single event.
How to link public participation to community planning?
Link Participation to Planning The PPP should describe the fundamental reason for developing a plan for participation by making the link between public involvement and the activity that requires or desires it. This bulletin references community planning as the activity that requires public involvement.
What should be included in a Public Participation Guide?
Paramount among these are: Communication. The ability to identify and to portray the information that the public requires in order to participate meaningfully. The ability to listen for and understand the public’s interests and concerns. Facilitation.
How to create a model public participation plan?
Box 1. Outline of a Model Public Participation Plan i. Cover Page: Include the title of the plan, names of contributing authors, names of jurisdictions involved, and the dates for when the plan is effective. ii. Table of Contents: List the content headings and the page numbers where they are found. I.