What is ITO electrode?
ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) Electrode This quite unique material transmits only visible light whereas it does not transmit UV radiation. Our ITO electrodes consist of 100 nm thick of ITO layer deposited on quartz or borosilicate glass substrate (0.5 mm thick).
How is ITO deposited?
ITO is typically deposited through expensive and energy-intensive processes that deal with physical vapor deposition (PVD). Such processes include sputtering, which results in the formation of brittle layers. An alternative process that uses a particle-based technique, is known as the tape casting process.
What is the work function of ITO?
Work function of ITO has been reported in the range of 4.2–5 eV.
What makes ITO conductive?
The conductivity of the ITO is due to the electrons donated to the conduction band. Because of the high carrier density, the conductivity approaches the level of metallic conduction. With the high carrier density in the conduction band, it can extend from very long wavelengths up to about 2 micrometers.
Is ITO a semiconductor?
Indium tin oxide (ITO) is a well-known n-type degenerate semiconductor with a wide variety of electronic and optoelectronic applications.
Is ITO conductive?
The ITO films are highly transparent (90.2%) and conductive (ρ = 7.2 × 10–4 Ω·cm) with the highest figure of merit (1.19 × 10–2 Ω–1) among all the solution-processed ITO films reported to date.
Is Ito a semiconductor?
What is metal work function?
The work function (WF) of a metal can be defined as the minimum energy required to extract one electron from a metal. Obviously the WF is one of the fundamental electronic properties of bare and coated metallic surfaces.
Why Indium Tin Oxide is used in LCD?
The Indium tin oxide is a material used in modern devices that manipulates ambient light. ITO is a good material, because it has a good response time to conduct electricity and an appropriate transparency for the emission of light. Touch screen displays are the latest innovations using that material.
What is ITO in semiconductor?
Is ITO a dielectric?
In this work, the ITO was used as a dielectric layer rather than a conductive material, which had been discussed and modeled in [15]. Over the last few decades, high-κ dielectric metal oxide thin film-coated optical sensors have been a high-interest topic.
What kind of electrical conductivity does Ito have?
ITO is both transparent to visible light and has a relatively high electrical conductivity. ITO has a low electrical resistivity of ~10 −4 Ω ·cm and a thin film can have an optical transmittance of greater than 80%. These properties are utilized to great advantage in touch-screen applications such as mobile phones .
How does temperature affect the optical properties of Ito?
As temperature increases, amorphous ITO thin films undergo a phase transition at ~ 200 °C and develop polycrystalline phases with increased optical gap energies. The optical gap energies of both polycrystalline and epitaxial ITO thin films decrease with increasing temperature due to electron–phonon interactions.
What kind of semiconductor is indium tin oxide?
[…] Indium tin oxide (ITO) is a well-known n-type degenerate semiconductor with a wide variety of electronic and optoelectronic applications. Herein ITO is utilized as a photocathode material in p-type dye-sensitized solar cells in place of the commonly applied and highly colored nickel oxide (NiO) semiconductor.
How is ITO used in organic light emitting diodes?
In organic light-emitting diodes, ITO is used as the anode (hole injection layer). ITO films deposited on windshields are used for defrosting aircraft windshields. The heat is generated by applying voltage across the film.