What infections cause tenosynovitis?
What causes infectious tenosynovitis?
- Staphylococcus aureus – Most commonly isolated bacteria, associated with ~80% of infections.
- Streptococcus species – Second most commonly isolated bacteria.
- Pasteurella multocida – High index of suspicion if the infection develops within 24 hours after a cat bite.
How do you treat infectious flexor tenosynovitis?
Treatment of infectious flexor tenosynovitis is surgical drainage (eg, irrigation of the tendon sheath by inserting a cannula into one end and allowing the irrigating fluid to pass along the tendon sheath to the other end, or an extensive open incision for more serious infections).
Is infectious flexor tenosynovitis an emergency?
Urgent message: Infectious flexor tenosynovitis is an orthopedic emergency that can cause long-lasting disability through tendon necrosis and permanent digital contracture if unrecognized or mismanaged.
What is a flexor sheath infection?
The Kanavel cardinal signs of flexor sheath infection are a finger held in slight flexion, fusiform swelling of the affected digit, tenderness along the flexor tendon sheath, and pain with passive extension of the digit. A suspicion of flexor sheath infection warrants urgent referral to a hand unit.
What is septic tenosynovitis?
Septic tenosynovitis was defined as the presence of at least two of the following Kanavel signs13 on concomitant assessment by one resident (in training) physician and one attending hand surgeon: (1) slight flexion of the affected digits; (2) fusiform swelling over the affected tendon; (3) tenderness over the affected …
How is infectious tenosynovitis diagnosed?
Infectious flexor tenosynovitis is an acute infection within the flexor tendon sheath. Diagnosis is suggested by Kanavel signs and confirmed with x-rays. Treatment is surgical drainage and antibiotics.
What antibiotics treat tenosynovitis?
The patient should be admitted to the hospital with IV or intramuscular (IM) antibiotics (eg, ceftriaxone or spectinomycin). Surgical drainage may be indicated if antibiotic therapy does not significantly improve the patient’s condition within 48 hours.
Can infection in finger spread?
Cellulitis: The most common causes of this bacterial infection are staphylococcal and streptococcal organisms. This infection is usually the result of an open wound that allows the bacteria to infect the local skin and tissue. The infection can also spread to the hand and fingers by blood carrying the organisms.
Does flexor tenosynovitis trigger finger?
Trigger finger (also called stenosing flexor tenosynovitis) is caused by a disparity in the size of the flexor tendons and the surrounding retinacular pulley system at the first annular (A1) pulley (figure 1) which overlies the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint (figure 2).
How do you know if tenosynovitis is infectious?
Infectious tenosynovitis is an infection of a tendon and its protective sheath….Symptoms of infectious tenosynovitis of the finger, hand, or wrist
- Swelling.
- Pain.
- Slight bending of the finger at rest.
- Trouble using the hand or finger.
- Fever (not always present)
Will tenosynovitis go away?
With treatment, most patients fully recover from tenosynovitis within 4 to 6 weeks. If tenosynovitis goes untreated, patients risk having the affected joint becoming stiff and having the tendon become permanently restricted. Avoiding repetitive movements can help to prevent tenosynovitis.