What does activated kinase do?
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an enzyme that works as a fuel gauge which becomes activated in situations of energy consumption. AMPK functions to restore cellular ATP levels by modifying diverse metabolic and cellular pathways.
What does alpha kinase do?
This kinase has been reported to play roles in many different cellular processes, such as cell adhesion, cell transformation, cell cycle checkpoint, and cell volume control. Knockout studies in mice suggest that this kinase may be a fundamental regulator of cardiac contractility and Ca2+ handling in myocytes.
What does MAP kinase kinase kinase do?
MAPKKK is responsible for various cell functions such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. The duration and intensity of signals determine which pathway ensues. Additionally, the use of protein scaffolds helps to place the MAPKKK in close proximity with its substrate to allow for a reaction.
What is a kinase gene?
kinase, an enzyme that adds phosphate groups (PO43−) to other molecules. A large number of kinases exist—the human genome contains at least 500 kinase-encoding genes. Included among these enzymes’ targets for phosphate group addition (phosphorylation) are proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Why is AMPK important?
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a key role as a master regulator of cellular energy homeostasis. As a cellular energy sensor responding to low ATP levels, AMPK activation positively regulates signaling pathways that replenish cellular ATP supplies, including fatty acid oxidation and autophagy.
Why is protein kinase cascade useful?
MAPK cascades play important roles in transducing environmental and developmental signals into adaptive and programmed responses. Because of the complexity of MAPK cascades, revealing the specificity of the MAPK modules is key to forming a functional and fully connected signal transduction system in higher plants.
What does AMPK do in cells?
AMPK is a highly conserved master regulator of metabolism, which restores energy balance during metabolic stress both at the cellular and physiological levels.