What did Heike Kamerlingh Onnes discover?
In 1908 Heike Kamerlingh Onnes used an ingenious apparatus to cool helium to liquid form. In 1911 Heike Kamerlingh Onnes discovered that the electrical resistance of mercury completely disappeared at temperatures a few degrees above absolute zero. The phenomenon became known as superconductivity.
Who is Onnes?
Onnes in legend was one of the generals of the mythological Assyrian king Ninus. He married Semiramis. He is said to have committed suicide, after which his widow married Ninus. This Ancient Near East biographical article is a stub.
What 3 things did Onnes use to try and achieve low temperatures?
Unlike everyday refrigerators that use vapor from inside the fridge, however, Onnes used helium in the gas state and hydrogen and oxygen in the liquid state to achieve low temperatures. kelvins above absolute zero—the closest attempt of its time. This research won Onnes the Nobel Prize in 1913.
How did Onnes liquefy helium?
To compress the helium, Onnes used a Cailletet compressor that he himself had adapted, so as to achieve pressures of around 100 bar (See Figure 4). It is exhibited at the Museum Boerhaave, near to Leiden, in the room devoted to the liquefaction of helium (photo: Museum Boerhaave, Leiden, Netherlands).
What is Onnes temperature?
On April 8, 1911, 16:00 hours Onnes noted “Kwik nagenoeg nul”, which translates as “[Resistance of] mercury almost zero.” At the temperature of 4.19 K, he observed that the resistivity abruptly disappeared (the measuring device Onnes was using did not indicate any resistance).
What were James Dewar and Kamerlingh Onnes doing?
Onnes was the tortoise to Dewar’s hare. Though their approaches were different, Kamerlingh Onnes and Dewar used a similar process in their attempts to liquefy hydrogen. Their idea was to go step by step, down a cascade, using a series of different gases that liquefy at lower and lower temperatures.
Who first used liquefied helium?
Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
Though there were early suggestions of odd behavior, it took 30 years after helium had been liquefied before its superfluidity was discovered. In 1908, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes first liquefied helium at the University of Leiden in the Netherlands.
How do you liquefy helium gas?
To create the liquid and superfluid states, you cool down helium gas to a few degrees above absolute zero. This is achieved by compressing the gas, and then expelling it through a small nozzle.
Who first observed superconductivity?
Kamerlingh-Onnes
First of all: what is superconductivity? It’s an absolutely remarkable phenomenon discovered in 1911 by a student working with the famous Dutch scientist, Kamerlingh-Onnes. Kamerlingh-Onnes pioneered work at very low temperatures — temperatures just a few degrees above the absolute zero of temperature.
Who first discovered superconductivity?
One hundred years ago, on April 8, 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes and his staff at the Leiden cryogenic laboratory were the first to observe superconductivity [1].
Who invented vacuum flask?
James Dewar
Vacuum flask/Inventors
What was the fundamental question Boyle was trying to answer?
The fundamental question, “What is cold?” haunted Robert Boyle nearly 50 years later. It was this view that Boyle would eventually overturn by a set of carefully devised experiments on water.
What did Harm Kamerlingh Onnes do for a living?
Harm Kamerlingh Onnes, born in 1893, was best known for his anecdotal, witty paintings, true character sketches from everyday life. He was a versatile artist who, in addition to paintings, also designed monumental stained glass windows and made tile panels and ceramic objects.
Where was Heike Kamerlingh Onnes born and raised?
Heike Kamerlingh Onnes was born on September 21, 1853, at Groningen, The Netherlands. His father, Harm Kamerlingh Onnes, was the owner of a brickworks near Groningen; his mother was Anna Gerdina Coers of Arnhem, the daughter of an architect.
What did Heike Kamerlingh Onnes do at Leyden?
After his appointment to the Physics Chair at Leyden, Kamerlingh Onnes reorganized the Physical Laboratory (now known as the Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory) in a way to suit his own programme. His researches were mainly based on the theories of his two great compatriots J.D. van der Waals and H.A. Lorentz.
Why was Harm Kamerlingh Onnes interested in ceramics?
Kamerlingh Onnes’ interest in ceramics was aroused during his tour of the Far East and later sparked when from 1933 he was asked by his uncle Hugo Tuthein Noltenius – a passionate hobbyist in ceramics – to participate in ceramic experiments. Together they kept ‘ceramic diaries’ for 50 years for color proofs of glaze and baking proofs.