What are the three classifications of acute kidney injury?
The causes of acute kidney injury can be divided into three categories (Table 29): prerenal (caused by decreased renal perfusion, often because of volume depletion), intrinsic renal (caused by a process within the kidneys), and postrenal (caused by inadequate drainage of urine distal to the kidneys).
What 3 categories can be used to broadly define causes of acute kidney injury?
Causes of AKI can be classified into three broad groups: (1) pre-renal or hemodynamic (i.e., hypoperfusion to the kidney), (2) intrinsic (i.e., structural damage to the kidney), and (3) post-renal (i.e., obstruction of urinary outflow).
How is acute kidney injury classified?
The RIFLE and AKIN classifications for acute kidney injury: a critical and comprehensive review.
What is the difference between AKI and ARF?
The term AKI has largely replaced acute renal failure (ARF), reflecting the recognition that smaller decrements in kidney function that do not result in overt organ failure are of substantial clinical relevance and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
What is Intrarenal acute kidney injury?
Intrinsic or intrarenal acute kidney injury (AKI) , which used to be called acute renal failure, occurs when direct damage to the kidneys causes a sudden loss in kidney function. The treatment of intrinsic acute kidney injury includes identifying and correcting the cause of the kidney injury.
What are rifle criteria?
RIFLE, a newly developed international consensus classification for acute kidney injury, defines three grades of severity – risk (class R), injury (class I) and failure (class F) – but has not yet been evaluated in a clinical series.
What are the rifle criteria for acute kidney injury AKI )?
RIFLE criteria
| GFR Criteria | |
|---|---|
| RISK | Increased Cr Serum x 1.5 or GFR decreased > 25% |
| INJURY | Increased Cr Serum x 2.0 or GFR decreased > 50% |
| FAILURE | Increased Cr Serum x 3.0 or GFR decreased > 75% Or Cr Serum >4 mg/dl |
| LOSS | Persistent Acute Kidney Failure = Complete loss of kidney functions> 4 weeks |
What is Rifle classification?
What is Intrarenal failure?
What is the RIFLE classification?
What are the different types of acute kidney injury?
Classification of AKI includes pre-renal AKI, acute post-renal obstructive nephropathy and intrinsic acute kidney diseases. Of these, only ‘intrinsic’ AKI represents true kidney disease, while pre-renal and post-renal AKI are the consequence of extra-renal diseases leading to the decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
Do you use the term nephrotoxin in Aki?
In the interim, it is imperative that clear language should be used by those programmes that do suggest temporary cessation of therapy, and the terms ‘nephrotoxic/nephrotoxin’ should not be used in this setting. Management of patients with haemodynamic instability and AKI requires correction of both hypovolaemia and hypotension.
Which is more common drug induced nephrotoxicity or renal injury?
Drug-induced nephrotoxicity tends to be more common among certain patients and in specific clinical situations. Therefore, successful prevention requires knowledge of pathogenic mechanisms of renal injury, patient-related risk factors, drug-related risk factors, and preemptive measures, coupled with vigilance and early intervention.
What kind of nephrotoxins are used for CKD?
This is especially true for patients who already have chronic kidney disease (CKD). Such nephrotoxic agents include aminoglycosides (eg gentamicin), iodinated radiocontrast agents, some antiretroviral drugs, and some chemotherapeutic agents (eg cisplatin).