What are beta 2 globulins?
What is a beta-2 microglobulin tumor marker test? This test measures the amount of a protein called beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) in the blood, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). B2M is a type of tumor marker. Tumor markers are substances made by cancer cells or by normal cells in response to cancer in the body.
What does it mean when your beta-2 microglobulin is high?
Elevated concentration levels of beta-2 microglobulin is attributed to diseases with a high cell turnover. It is a powerful prognosis factor for multiple myeloma, a type of bone marrow cancer. It is also used to detect chronic lymphocytic leukemia and some types of lymphomas.
What does low beta 2 globulin mean?
Low serum levels of beta2 microglobulin essentially indicate decreased disease activity in conditions for which beta2 microglobulin is used as a prognostic marker (multiple myeloma, lymphoma, leukemia) or the absence of such a disease process.
Is IgA a beta globulin?
If present at low concentration, these can be difficult to identify due to the presence of normal β globulin. Although IgA is the most common β migrating monoclonal protein, monoclonal IgM and IgG can also be seen.
What causes high beta-2 globulin?
Conditions associated with an increased rate of cell production or destruction, severe infections, viral infections such as CMV (cytomegalovirus), and some conditions that activate the immune system, such as inflammatory conditions and autoimmune disorders, can cause increases in beta-2 microglobulin levels, but the …
What is Beta-2 microglobulin amyloidosis?
Beta-2 ̶ microglobulin (beta-2m) amyloidosis is a disabling condition that affects patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis (HD) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Case reports involving patients with near ̶ end-stage renal disease also exist.
What causes low beta globulin?
Low globulin levels can be a sign of liver or kidney disease. High levels may indicate infection, inflammatory disease or immune disorders. High globulin levels may also indicate certain types of cancer, such as multiple myeloma, Hodgkin’s disease, or malignant lymphoma.
What is beta-2 microglobulin amyloidosis?
Is C3 a beta globulin?
C3 complement is second most abundant in the β fraction protein and accounts for the majority of β2 globulin when high resolution electrophoresis is performed. Increased C3 can be observed in an acute phase response, biliary obstruction and in a portion of patients with focal glomerulosclerosis.
What causes elevated beta globulin levels?
There are lot many causes which can cause high globulin levels.Most common of them are:chronic Inflammatory diseases (ex: TB, Syphilis),multiple myeloma,leukemias,autoimmune disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis,lupus,autoimmune hepatitis,Kidney disease(diabetes can also cause kidney disease called diabetic nephropathy ),liver disease.
What is the normal range for beta globulin?
Normal range of globulins is 2.3-3.5 gm/dL. Alpha globulin range is 0.2-0.3 g/L and optimal beta globulin range is 0.7-1.0 g/L.
What causes high beta globulin levels?
Other common conditions that may lead to high globulin levels being noted in the liver function test include Tuberculosis, kidney disease, autoimmune disease, Carcinoid syndrome, bone marrow disorder and liver disease may cause your globulin levels to be high.
What does elevated beta 2 mean?
Beta 2 micro globulin is a component molecule of the cells in the human body. Its levels tend to be elevated when a person is suffering from a particular type of cancer. This feature of the Beta 2 micro globulin makes it useful in the diagnosis of various types of diseases.