How does a electric arc furnace work?
The electric arc furnace is used to reduce iron from iron ore. Heat is generated from an electric arc between electrodes. Oxygen is blown into the furnace, and lime and other materials are added to combine with the impurities and form slag. Molten iron is extracted and poured out via a tapping spout.
What is arc in electric arc furnace?
Unlike the more primitive blast furnace, the electric arc furnace uses an electric arc to heat metals rather than induction from a secondary heat source. An electric arc is an electrical breakdown of a gas that produces electrical discharge between two electrodes with a large heat by-product.
What are the three major ingredients for an EAF?
3.2 Physico-chemical characteristics
| References | Sources | LOI |
|---|---|---|
| Muhmood et al. (2009) | India | – |
| Muhmood et al. (2009) | India | – |
| Roslan et al. (2016) | Malaysia | – |
What are the types of electric arc furnace?
Types of Arc Furnaces:
- Direct Arc Furnace: In a direct arc furnace charge acts as one of the electrodes and the charge is heated by producing arc between the electrodes and the charge.
- Submerged Arc Furnace:
- Indirect Arc Furnace:
How do you power an electric arc furnace?
How does an Electric Arc Furnace Make Steel?
- The furnace is charged with the material.
- The roof is lowered and closed.
- Electrodes are lowered onto the material to form the arc between the material and the electrodes.
- Arc is struck at a lower voltage which is thereafter increased to speed up the melting process.
Do electric arc furnaces run continuously?
Moreover, EAFs can be operated intermittently, while a blast furnace is best operated at very constant rates. The electric power used in EAF operation, however, is high, at 360 to 600 kilowatt-hours per ton of steel, and the installed power system is substantial.
How is an electric arc furnace made?
Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) is a steel making furnace, in which steel scrap is heated and melted by heat of electric arcs striking between the furnace electrodes and the metal bath. About 33% of the crude steel in the world is made in the Electric Arc Furnaces (EAF).
Why is hot heel practice applied in EAF?
A hot heel is kept in the furnace to ensure a good current flow through the charge. Power and electrode consumption is lower than in regular AC furnaces. The DC arc has a steadier and quieter burn, which results in less disturbance of the surrounding power system and less noise around the furnace.
What is the difference between induction furnace and electric arc furnace?
The induction furnace is heated faster and has higher thermal efficiency. The heat is generated in the furnace (liquid steel), so the heating speed is high. In the arc furnace, the heat of the arc after the material is cleared must be transferred to the molten steel through the slag, which is indirect heating.
What is the voltage of an electric arc furnace?
A mid-sized modern steelmaking furnace would have a transformer rated about 60,000,000 volt-amperes (60 MVA), with a secondary voltage between 400 and 900 volts and a secondary current in excess of 44,000 amperes.
What is the operating cycle of an arc furnace?
The electric arc furnace operates as a batch melting process producing batches of molten steel known “heats”. The electric arcfurnace operating cycle is called the tap-to-tap cycle and is made up of the following operations:
How does a direct electric arc furnace work?
Three electrodes made of carbon or graphite are projected from the top of the furnace, and three-phase supply is given. The current passes through them via the charge. Since the arc is in direct contact with the charge, so it is possible to produce the highest temperatures by direct electric arc furnace.
How does IEAF work in an arc furnace?
iEAF®, the innovative dynamic process control for real-time management of arc furnace melting Flexible Modular Furnace (FMF®), to produce liquid steel using the cheapest mix from any metallic row material, and starting from Zero Electric Power, facilitate also transition from BOF to EAF production.
How much coal does an electric arc furnace use?
The EAF process uses primarily recycled steel scraps and electricity. On average, the recycled steel-EAF process uses 800 kg (1764 lb) of recycled steel, 16 kg (35 lb) of coal, and 64 kg (141 lb) of flux to produce 1000 kg (2205 lb) of crude steel (World Steel Association, 2014).
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