Which drugs inhibit purine and pyrimidine synthesis?
Inhibitors of purine and pyrimidine synthesis: mycophenolate, azathioprine, and leflunomide.
What drugs contain pyrimidine rings?
Pyrimidines
| Drug | Drug Description |
|---|---|
| Idoxuridine | A pyrimidine analog antiviral used for the treatment of viral eye infections, including herpes simplex keratitis. |
| Talbutal | For use as a sedative and hypnotic. |
| Pentobarbital | A barbiturate drug used to induce sleep, cause sedation, and control certain types of seizures. |
What are purine pyrimidines?
Purines and pyrimidines are the nitrogen bases that hold DNA strands together through hydrogen bonds. The purines in DNA are adenine and guanine, the same as in RNA. The pyrimidines in DNA are cytosine and thymine; in RNA, they are cytosine and uracil.
Is cytosine a purine or pyrimidine?
Because of their structural similarity, we usually refer the nine-member double rings adenine and guanine as purines, and six-member single-ring thymine, uracil, and cytosine are pyrimidines.
What inhibits pyrimidine synthesis?
Pyrimidine biosynthesis is regulated by feedback inhibition of the first enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase by the end products UMP, UDP, and UTP of the pathway.
What is pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor?
Pyrimidine synthesis inhibitors are drugs used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Pyrimidine synthesis inhibitors inhibit the action of an enzyme called dihydro-orotate dehydrogenase, responsible for pyrimidine production. Thus, they are responsible for blocking lymphocyte activation and inflammatory response.
Which drug is pyrimidine antagonist?
Pyrimidine antagonists, for example, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cytarabine (ara-C) and gemcitabine (dFdC), are widely used in chemotherapy regimes for colorectal, breast, head and neck, non-small-cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and leukaemias.
Which antimalarial drug belongs to pyrimidine derivatives?
Proguanil (chloroguanide) is a biguanide; a synthetic derivative of pyrimidine. It was developed in 1945 by a British Antimalarial research group. It has many mechanisms of action but primarily is mediated through conversion to the active metabolite cycloguanil.
Which characteristics is shared by purines and pyrimidines?
Both purines and pyrimidines are similar to the organic structure pyridine, however, the purines contain one hexose and one pentose ring while the pyrimidine contains a single hexo-cyclic ring. Purines and pyrimidines both are made up of the aromatic ring having carbon and nitrogen in it.
How does a pyrimidine differ from a purine?
Adenine and guanine are the two purines and cytosine, thymine and uracil are the three pyrimidines. The main difference between purines and pyrimidines is that purines contain a sixmembered nitrogencontaining ring fused to an imidazole ring whereas pyrimidines contain only a sixmembered nitrogencontaining ring.
What characteristic makes purines and pyrimidine heterocyclic?
A purine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound containing 4 nitrogen atoms. It contains two carbon rings, and is made of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring. A pyrimidine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound containing 2 nitrogen atoms. It contains only one carbon ring.
What are the inhibitors of pyrimidine metabolism?
5-Fluorouracil is an antimetabolite that inhibits pyrimidine metabolism and DNA synthesis.
What is the name of the pyrimidine antagonist?
The pyrimidine antagonist cytarabine (also called cytosine arabinoside or Ara C) inhibits synthesis of DNA as well as RNA by displacement of cytosine, from which it differs by its sugar component, arabinose. There have been 11 published reports on pregnancies following cytarabine exposure in the first trimester.
How is pyrimidine similar to pyridine and diazines?
Infobox references. Pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine. One of the three diazines (six-membered heterocyclics with two nitrogen atoms in the ring), it has the nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 in the ring.
How many nitrogen atoms are in the pyrimidine ring?
Pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine. One of the three diazines (six-membered heterocyclics with two nitrogen atoms in the ring), it has the nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 in the ring.
What is the pKa of pyrimidine compared to pyridine?
Compared to pyridine, N-alkylation and N-oxidation are more difficult. The pKa value for protonated pyrimidine is 1.23 compared to 5.30 for pyridine. Protonation and other electrophilic additions will occur at only one nitrogen due to further deactivation by the second nitrogen.