What was the Kulturkampf quizlet?
The Kulturkampf was an anti-catholic program, “for culture struggle.” Laws controlled the clergy and the schools . They forbade Catholic political expression, and required that all clergy be German and German educated.
What does the term Kulturkampf refer to?
Kulturkampf, (German: “culture struggle”), the bitter struggle (c. 1871–87) on the part of the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck to subject the Roman Catholic church to state controls.
What was the purpose of the Kulturkampf quizlet?
To deal with the Catholic church, Bismarck launched the Kulturkampf. His goal was to make Catholics put loyalty to the state above allegiance to the church.
Which of the following was an impact of Otto von Bismarck on Germany?
Although an arch-conservative, Bismarck introduced progressive reforms—including universal male suffrage and the establishment of the first welfare state—in order to achieve his goals. He manipulated European rivalries to make Germany a world power, but in doing so laid the groundwork for both World Wars.
Who did the Prussians defeat in a war that concluded in January 1871?
France
German forces fought and defeated new French armies in northern France, besieging the capital of Paris for over four months, before it fell on 28 January 1871, effectively ending the war.
What did the Kulturkampf do?
The Kulturkampf, or “struggle for civilization,” was an episode of firstrate importance in modern German history in which Otto von Bismarck (Germany’s chancellor and Prussia’s minister-president; 1815–1898) and his political allies attempted to weaken the German Catholic church’s ties to the papacy, to bring that …
Why did Bismarck lose Kulturkampf?
Accounts of the Kulturkampf differ according to the working definition of its historical character and origins. “The Kulturkampf ultimately failed, however, because it was backed by political institutions and managerial arrangements that were inappropriate for effective enforcement” (p. 186f.).
Why did Bismarck exclude Austria?
Austria too built up its military strength here. This divided Austria’s forces. Bismarck demanded that Austria’s allies Hanover, Saxony and Hesse-Cassel stopped any military preparations and accept Prussian federal reform.
Why was the Kulturkampf a failure?