What is the role of p53 in apoptosis?
The p53 tumor suppressor acts to integrate multiple stress signals into a series of diverse antiproliferative responses. One of the most important p53 functions is its ability to activate apoptosis, and disruption of this process can promote tumor progression and chemoresistance.
What does inducing apoptosis mean?
Viral induction of apoptosis occurs when one or several cells of a living organism are infected with a virus, leading to cell death. Cell death in organisms is necessary for the normal development of cells and the cell cycle maturation. It is also important in maintaining the regular functions and activities of cells.
Is p53 related to apoptosis?
Tumor protein p53 is a nuclear transcription factor that regulates the expression of a wide variety of genes involved in apoptosis, growth arrest, or senescence in response to genotoxic or cellular stress.
What is p53 independent apoptosis?
The p53 gene encodes a transcription factor that can regulate cell proliferation and survival by modulating transcription of downstream target genes, inducing either G1 arrest or apoptosis (1, 10–13). p53 is activated to promote G1 arrest or apoptosis by several stimuli, the most well characterized being DNA damage.
How does chemotherapy trigger apoptosis?
Several reports have suggested that anticancer drugs kill susceptible cells by inducing expression of death receptor ligands, especially Fas ligand (FasL). Other reports have indicated that chemotherapeutic agents trigger apoptosis by inducing release of cytochrome c from mitochondria.
How do you stimulate apoptosis?
Induction of apoptosis by dietary chemopreventive agents. The extrinsic pathway is initiated by ligation of transmembrane death receptors (CD95, TNF receptor and TRAIL receptor) to activate membrane-proximal (activator) caspase-8 via the adaptor molecule FADD. This in turn cleaves and activates effector caspase-3.
What happens when the p53 gene is mutated?
Mutations (changes) in the p53 gene may cause cancer cells to grow and spread in the body. These changes have been found in a genetic condition called Li-Fraumeni syndrome and in many types of cancer. The p53 gene is a type of tumor suppressor gene.
What does p53 do when DNA is damaged?
Activation of p53 in response to DNA damage is associated with a rapid increase in its levels and with an increased ability of p53 to bind DNA and mediate transcriptional activation. This then leads to the activation of a number of genes whose products trigger cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, or DNA repair.
How does DNA damage activate p53?
What chemotherapy drugs cause apoptosis?
Chemotherapeutic Agents Kill Susceptible Cells by Apoptosis
| Some Agents Associated With Apoptosis | Cancer Types Susceptible to Apoptosis | |
|---|---|---|
| . | . | . |
| Vincristine | Nitrogen Mustard | Colon carcinoma |
| cis-Platinum | Methotrexate | Prostate cancer |
| Cyclophosphamide | Chlorambucil | Miscellaneous adenocarcinomas |
How is p53 induces apoptosis in DNA damaged cells?
How p53 induces apoptosis in DNA damaged cells? P53 is a 53kd tumor suppressor protein that prevents cell cycle progression of cells with damaged DNA. Apoptotic pathway is activated upon failure of DNA repair mechanisms to correct DNA damage. In this pathway, p53 on activation induces expression of BAX gene or Apaf-1 gene.
What causes p53 mutation?
The p53 gene may be damaged (mutated) by cancer-causing substances in the environment (carcinogens) such as tobacco smoke, ultraviolet light, and the chemical aristolochic acid (with bladder cancer). Often times, however, the toxin leading to the mutation is unknown.
Does anyone know about the p53 gene?
The p53 gene (TP53) is a gene that is mutated in many cancers, and is the most common gene mutation found in cancer cells. The gene is a type of tumor suppressor gene that codes for a protein that inhibits the development and growth of tumors.
What does p53 do?
The p53 gene is one type of tumor suppressor gene. This gene codes for proteins that function as a safety net, preventing abnormal cells from developing into cancer cells.