What is regulation of transcription initiation?
Transcription initiation involves the interaction of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase with promoters. In bacteria, this is a highly regulated process. Regulation of transcription initiation occurs in the context of folding and compaction of bacterial chromosomes.
What regulates the process of transcription?
First, transcription is controlled by limiting the amount of mRNA that is produced from a particular gene. The second level of control is through post-transcriptional events that regulate the translation of mRNA into proteins. Even after a protein is made, post-translational modifications can affect its activity.
How is transcription initiation regulated in eukaryotes?
Gene expression in eukaryotic cells is regulated by repressors as well as by transcriptional activators. Like their prokaryotic counterparts, eukaryotic repressors bind to specific DNA sequences and inhibit transcription. Other repressors compete with activators for binding to specific regulatory sequences.
What main factors are involved in transcription initiation?
The PIC contains Pol II and the general transcription factors TFIIB, -D, -E, -F, and -H. The general factors are involved in sequence-specific promoter recognition (TFIIB and TFIID), prevention of nonspecific DNA binding (TFIIF), and DNA melting and CTD phosphorylation (TFIIE and TFIIH).
How is initiation regulated?
Initiation. Initiation of translation is regulated by the accessibility of ribosomes to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence. Initiation is also regulated by proteins known as initiation factors which provide kinetic assistance to the binding between the initiation codon and tRNAfMet, which supplies the 3′-UAC-5′ anticodon.
Why is transcription regulated?
A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is transcribed. This control allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response.
How does the cell regulate the initiation of transcription in eukaryotes quizlet?
Transport of RNA out of the nucleus. How does the cell regulate the initiation of transcription in eukaryotes? Through basal transcription factors.
Which example describes regulation of eukaryotic translation quizlet?
Which example describes regulation of eukaryotic translation? transcription and translation are coupled, ribosomes often bind to an mRNA as it is being transcribed. change the animo acid sequence, GAU is translated as aspartic acid; a mutation that results in GUU is translated as Valine.