What is proximate determinants framework?
Key to the framework is the identification of a set of variables, called “proximate determinants,” that can be influenced by changes in contextual variables or by interventions and that have a direct effect on biological mechanisms to influence health outcomes.
What are the 5 primary determinants of fertility?
Suggested Citation:”5 Proximate Determinants of Fertility.” National Research Council….FRAMEWORK
- percentage of women in sexual union,
- frequency of sexual intercourse,
- postpartum abstinence,
- lactational amenorrhea,
- contraceptive use,
- induced abortion,
- spontaneous intrauterine mortality,
- natural sterility, and.
What are the major determinants of fertility?
(1984) enumerate nine major proximate determinants of fertility at the societal level:
- marriage or union patterns,
- contraception,
- lactational amenorrhea,
- postpartum abstinence,
- pathological sterility,
- induced abortion,
- frequency of sexual intercourse,
- spontaneous intrauterine mortality, and.
What is a proximate determinant of health?
The proximate determinants of fertility are the biological and behavioral factors through which the indirect determinants–social, economic, psychological, and environmental variables–affect fertility.
Which of the following is an example of a proximate determinant of health?
Variation in teenage fertility can be very largely explained in terms of three factors: sexual activity (marriage), contraception and abortion. These are known as proximate determinants of fertility.
What are the four determinants of fertility describe them?
According to Bongaarts, variation in fertility rate among the population is due to the four factors namely: the proportion of sexual exposure; rate of induced abortion; duration of postpartum in-fecundity; and contraception use prevalence and it is a product of these four PD indexes and fecundity rate.
What are the determination of fertility?
In the mid-1950s Davis and Blake proposed eleven proximate determinants of fertility which include: the proportion of married women; prevalence of contraception; rate of induced abortion, frequency of sexual intercourse; sterility; and spontaneous intrauterine mortality and duration of the fertile period.
What are downstream determinants of health?
the downstream, immediate health needs of populations that are marginalized,1 a • the midstream, intermediary determinants, or material circumstances such as housing conditions, employment and food security; and • the upstream, structural determinants such as social status, income, racism, and exclusion.
What are the different measurers of fertility discuss?
Total Fertility Rate (TFR): It is an average of the ASFR, and is calculated by summing up the birth rates of each age group for women in the reproductive age.
What are assumptions of bongaarts proximate determinants of fertility?
The degree at which these different intermediate factors affect fertility varies between societies. In the late 1970s, John Bongaarts developed the modified set of proximate determinants of fertility containing four elements: marriage/cohabitation; induced abortion; contraception; and postpartum in-fecundity.
What are the measures of fertility?
These include Total Fertility Rate (TFR), Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR), and Net Reproduction Rate (NRR).