What is Brockenbrough?
The Brockenbrough phenomenon occurs during left ventricular outflow tract obstruction such as in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). This phenomenon is defined as an increase in pulse pressure after an ectopic beat (usually a premature ventricular contraction or PVC).
How does hypertrophic cardiomyopathy affect the heart?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a complex type of heart disease that affects the heart muscle. It causes thickening of the heart muscle (especially the ventricles, or lower heart chambers), left ventricular stiffness, mitral valve changes and cellular changes.
What is Yamaguchi syndrome?
Abstract. Apical cardiac hypertrophy (Yamaguchi syndrome) is a relatively rare form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A 67-year-old woman presented with exertional angina and moderate dyspnea. Her electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm, flattened T waves in the limb leads and a strain pattern in the V2-V6 leads.
Why does Valsalva increase Hocm murmur?
The murmur of HOCM becomes quite loud with Valsalva. By decreasing left ventricular filling, the left ventricular outflow tract obstruction worsens, making the murmur louder.
What is end stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
One of the most serious manifestations of HCM, apart from sudden death, is progressive systolic heart failure (HF) often coupled with ventricular dilatation, which for the lack of a better name, is referred to as end-stage HCM.
How does HCM affect the body?
When you have HCM, these cells become disorganised and form uneven layers. This causes the muscle of your heart to thicken and become stiffer. It can also scar the heart muscle. This stiffness and scarring can stop your heart from pumping properly and lead to rhythm disorders.
What is apical cardiomyopathy?
Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM or ApHCM), also known as Yamaguchi syndrome, is a rare form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy which usually involves the apex of the left ventricle, rarely involves the right ventricular apex, or involves both apices.
How does Valsalva affect HOCM?
The murmur of HOCM becomes quite loud with Valsalva maneuver. This maneuver effectively acts to decrease left ventricular filling, which results in worsened left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in patients with HOCM, making the murmur louder.